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This is the group of enzymes that break down proteins in the small intestine
Pancreatic Proteases
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Even though 40-60% of ingested protein in the ruminant diet is taken up by microbes, the animal is still able to eventually get that protein from this sources
Ruminally Synthesized Microbial Structural Proteins (Dead Bug Bodies)
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Once in the absorptive cells, amino acids move across the basolateral membrane by this process.
Simple diffusion
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VFA’s produced by microbes in the rumen are absorbed in this organ.
The rumen
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In nutrition, you must not give them the right answer, you must give them this…
Their answer
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The membrane ports that allow for the passage of glucose through the intestinal wall are called this.
Sodium-glucose symports
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These cells rely exclusively on glucose for energy
Red Blood Cells
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This hormone promotes the production of glucose uptake ports in most cells in the body.
Insulin
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Which group of animals absorbs the smallest amount of carbohydrate in the GI tract.
Ruminants
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This is the major fuel source for most aerobic cells in the post-absorptive state.
Fatty acids
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These are the four main sources of energy utilized by animals.
Glucose, VFA’s, FA’s, and Amino Acids
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This is the ultimate electron acceptor in aerobic oxidation.
O2
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These are the three things required in homeostasis
A sensor, method of conduction, and effector
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An increase in plasma amino acids results in an increase in what hormone(s)Insulin, Glucagon, and Growth Hormone
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This is the process by which fatty acids are converted to acetyl CoA molecules in the presence of oxygen.
Beta-oxidation
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What is the major form in which amino acids are consumed in animal diets.
Protein
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Of our domestic animals, this species consumes the largest percentages of its diet as protein
Cats (obligate carnivores)
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Which products of the breakdown of protein are able to cross the luminal membrane of the small intestine in the adult animal.
Amino Acids, Dipeptides, Tripeptides
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This is the most common source of NPN added into animal feeds.
Urea
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This is the product of hydryolyzation of urea by microbial urease
Ammonia
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The major form in which carbohydrate is ingested by animals. Polysaccharides
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Once glucose is in the absorptive cells of the intestine, this chemical process occurs to trap glucose inside the cell.
Phosphorylation
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Which cells require glucose all of the time?
All Cells!!!
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A significant amount of Beta-polymer reaches this species’ large intestine
Equine
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The three VFA’s produced from the breakdown of Beta-glucose are:
Acetic acid, Propionic Acid, Butyric acid
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