week 1 antepartal nursing.txt

  1. Define Antepartal
    Antepartal is the time from conception to labor
  2. Describe the changes to the reproduction system during pregnancy
    growth of the Uterus, Cervix changes color and softens, Breasts
  3. How much can the uterus grow during pregnancy?
    2 oz - 2 pounds
  4. Define Chadwicks Sign
    The cervix has a bluish color
  5. Define Goodell's Sign
    The cervix softens
  6. How many weeks is a normal pregnancy?
    40 weeks
  7. A new trimester occurs every _____ weeks
    13
  8. A term pregnancy is considered ______ weeks or more
    37
  9. Define preterm
    < 37 weeks
  10. Describe breast changes during pregnancy
    more pigment to the areola and more erect, more blood flow
  11. Describe the changes to the Cardiovascular system during pregnancy
    • Heart - doesn't change too much in size and position, but 90% of pregnant women have a systolic murmur
    • Blood volume increases
    • Cardiac Output increases
    • Peripheral vascular resistance decreases
    • BP experiences positional effects
    • Blood components increase (erythrocytes, leukocytes, fibrinogen)
  12. What is physiologic anemia?
    During pregnancy the blood volume increases. Plasma increases by 50% and RBC's increase by 25%. Because of this the hemoglobin molecules are diluted. This is physiologic anemia.
  13. Why does the BP stay about the same during pregnancy?
    BP stays about the same because while the cardiac output increases the peripheral vascular resistance decreases and it evens out.
  14. What is Vena Caval Syndrome (aka, Supine Hypotensive Syndrome) ?
    Laying supine puts a lot of pressure on the inferior vena cave and descending aorta which can cause dizziness, nausea, faintness, syncope.
  15. Name a few nursing interventions for Vena Caval Syndrome
    • 1. use a pillow or wedge
    • 2. change to the lateral recumbent position
  16. Describe the lateral recumbent positon
    lateral recumbent position is laying on your side to reduce pressure on the descending aorta and inferior vena cava with a leg forward and a pillow underneath
  17. Describe body system changes to the respiratory system during pregnancy
    • Oxygen consumption increases 15-20%
    • The patient should do more deep breathing
    • Physical changes include lifting of the diaphragm and the chest expands.
  18. Describe the hormonal changes in a pregnant woman
    • progesterone - decreases airway resistance, relaxes muscles (can cause constipation, vericosities because of relaxed motility)
    • estrogen - increased vascularity of upper respiratory tract causing stuffiness, polyps, bloody nose
  19. Describe the body system changes to the GI system during pregnancy
    • 1. mouth - bleeding gums, ptyalism
    • 2. esophagus - acid reflux
    • 3. stomach & small intestine - slower to empty
    • 4. large intestine - decreased motility
    • 5. liver and gallbladder - increased cholesterol
  20. The gallbladder gets ___________ due to prolonged emptying which can cause _________ during pregnancy and require the gallbladder to be removed right after delivery.
    • hypotonic
    • cholecystitus
  21. define cholecystitus
    pregnancy causes increased cholesterol in the gallbladder causing stones to develop which do not go away. This requires removal of the gallbladder after delivery.
  22. Describe body system changes to the Urinary system during pregnancy
    • more pressure on the bladder
    • increased GFR in the kidneys and ureters causes increased pressure causing dilation and stasis
  23. Describe body system changes to the Integumentary system during pregnancy
    • hyperpigmentation
    • cutaneous vascular changes
  24. What is Choloasma?
    the "mask of pregnancy", darkening of the skin
  25. _____________ in the hands is secondary to dilated blood vessels during pregnancy
    Palmar erythema
  26. ______________ is linear tears in the connective tissue of the belly
    striae gravidarum (aka, stretch marks)
  27. ______ is the dark vertical line from the pubis to the umbilicus
    linnae negra
  28. what is hCG ?
    Human Chorionic Gonadotropin is the hormone that gives us a positive result in a pregnancy test
  29. ___________ is produced by the placenta once mature
    estrogen
  30. ____________ relaxes smooth muscle
    progesterone
  31. ______ ______ ______ increases fetal glucose availability
    Human Placental Lactogen (aka, HPL) because the fetus has a need for glucose
  32. ________ inhibits uterine activity
    relaxin
  33. What is considered normal weight gain?
    25 - 35 pounds (11.5 - 16 kg)
  34. What is maternal tissue insulin resistant ?
    If the mother doesn't use the insulin that the pancreas produces then the baby gets more glucose (because of the unused insulin). Therefore, as the pregnancy progresses the mother's pancreas makes even more insulin which makes the mother insulin resistant.
  35. Carbs provide _____ kcal per gram
    4 kcal/g
  36. protein provides ____ kcals per gram
    4 kcal/g
  37. fats provide ____ kcal/g
    9 kcal/g
  38. a pregnant woman needs ____ extra calories per day
    300
  39. Define multiparity
    multiparity is more than 1 pregnancy
  40. define noliparity
    noliparity is never having been pregnant
  41. define primiparity
    primiparity is the first pregnancy
  42. __________ oils are needed during pregnancy but just ___ 6oz serving of fish per week can cause problems (because of mercury)
    • omega-3
    • 1
  43. the presumption indications of pregnancy are ________ and _______ reliable
    subjective and least reliable
  44. Name some presumption indications of pregnancy
    • amenorrhea
    • nausea and vomiting
    • fatigue
    • urinary frequency
    • breast and skin changes
    • vaginal and cervical color changes
    • fetal movement (it could be gas or tumor)
  45. List some probably indications of pregnancy
    • abdominal enlargement
    • cervical softening
    • uterine changes
    • pregnancy tests
  46. name some positive indications of pregnancy
    • auscultation of fetal heart sounds
    • fetal movements by examiner
    • visualization of the fetus
  47. True or false... one cannot declare pregnancy with presumptive and probably indications.
    true
  48. true or false... marijuana, aspirin, methodone and psych meds can cause false positives
    true
  49. what is multifetal pregnancy?
    2 or more fetuses
  50. the # of pregnancies is called __________
    gravida
  51. the # of deliveries after 20 weeks is called _____
    para
  52. What does TPAL stand for?
    • T=Term pregnancies (37+)
    • P=Pre-term pregnancies (>20 <37)
    • A=Abortions (spontaneous or elective)
    • L=Live births
  53. Practice calculating TPAL...


    Mary had 3 pregnancies: 1 set of twins at 35 weeks, 1 delivery at 39 weeks and 1 spontaneous abortion at 10 weeks

    What is her TPAL?
    • T=1
    • P=1
    • A=1
    • L=3

    TPAL = 6
  54. What is the formula for calculating the EDD (estimated due date) ?
    • subtract 3 months from the last menstrual period
    • add 1 week
    • dont forget to change the year when needed
  55. Calculate the EDD for the following:

    LNMP = May 3, 2009
    • 1. subtract 3 months = February 3, 2009
    • 2. add 7 days = February 10
    • 3. EDD = Feb. 10, 2010
  56. A woman with an uncomplicated pregnancy should visit the doctor when:

    a. from conception to 28 weeks ?
    b. 29 weeks -> 36 weeks ?
    c. 37 weeks -> birth ?
    • a. q4 weeks
    • b. q2 weeks
    • c. q1 week
  57. Antepartum assessment includes ?
    • -OB
    • -Menstrual
    • -Contraceptive
    • -Medical and Surgical
    • -Family Health/genetic issues
    • -Psychosocial Health
  58. _______ and _____ sheets are started in the doctors office and put on file and ready for their admittance at delivery
    • Hollister sheets
    • ACOG sheets
  59. list some initial lab tests for baseline of a pregnant woman
    • CBC, Blood grouping, Rh factor and antibody screen
    • VDRL/syphillus, Rubella titer, skin test
    • Hgb electrophoresis, Hepatitis B antigen
    • HIV ( state law, must know the status of the baby because meds given early enough can reduce the chances to 6% of baby having HIV)
    • urinalysis, pap smear, cervical cultures (for STD's) maternal glucose
  60. measuring from the pubic bone to the umbilicus with a tape is measuring the ______________ to determine fetus' growth
    fundal height
  61. What is Leopold's Maneuvers?
  62. What does an Ultrasonography detect (US)?
    fetal heartbeat, activity and movements
  63. In the first trimester the US is done ___________
    transvaginally
  64. in the first trimester the US measures the CRL which is the ___________________
    crown rump length
  65. The purpose of the 1st semester US is
    • a. confirmation
    • b. location of pregnancy (ectopic?)
    • c. age
    • d. viability
    • e. aid with procedures
  66. What is MSBD?
    Maternal Serum screen for Birth Defects
  67. What is the Quad Screen used to detect?
    • Down Syndrome
    • Neural Tube Defect
    • Trisomy 18
  68. If the AFP (alpha fetal protein) is low, there is a higher risk for __________?


    If the AFP is high, then there is a higher risk for ________?
    • down syndrome
    • neural tube defects
  69. Describe kick counts as part of the antepartum fetal surveillance
    kick counts should start around 7 months, the mother records fetal movement. Should be aprox 10 times / hour
  70. The mother needs to come into the office for a NST (non-stress test). A belt is put around the fundus and measures movement. The purpose of the NST is to ...
    • a. assess fetal well being
    • b. FH accelerations in response to movement (basically means the fetal heart)
    • c. Accelerations - adequate oxygenation
  71. In the NST (non stress test) there are ______ and ________ results
    • reactive (2 accesl 15 secs in (10-20 min)
    • non-reactive
  72. What is the purpose of the Vibroacoustic Stimulation Test?
    • To confirm a non-reactive NST
    • shorten time of NST
  73. What is the risk of the vibroacoustic stimulation test, where a loud noise wakes the baby up?
    • potential for fetal hearing loss
    • prolonged fetal tachycardia
  74. The contraction stress test is indicated for a ___________ __________.
    nonreactive NST
  75. True or false... the Contraction Stress Test (CST) uses nipple stimulation and/or low does oxytocin to induce a contraction
    true
  76. The ______ profile assess 5 parameters for fetal well being
    biophysical profile
  77. the 5 parameters of a biophysical profile include... ; how many points for each? What score is reassuring? What score is non-reassuring?
    • 1. NST
    • 2. Fetal breathing movements
    • 3. Gross body movements
    • 4. Fetal Tone
    • 5. Amniotic Fluid

    2 points for each; 8+ reassuring; <4 non-reassuring.
  78. List some common discomforts of pregnancy and some interventions to relieve them
    • n/v - eat small meals, water between meals, vitamins, avoid greasy foods
    • heartburn - tums, avoid late night eating, limit acidic foods
    • backache - change position
    • urinary frequency - stay near BR, DO NOT LIMIT FLUIDS
    • varicosities - support hose
    • leg cramps - NO MASSAGE! take calcium
    • constipation - fiber, water, fruits, vegies
    • hemorrhoids
  79. True of false... heparin crosses the placenta during pregnancy
    false
  80. true or false... cumadin crosses the placenta during pregnancy
    true
  81. Teaching
    is this activity okay?
    Bathing
    Hot Tubs or saunas
    Douching
    Exercise
    Sleep and Rest
    Sex
    • Bathing yes
    • Hot Tubs or saunas no
    • Douching no
    • Exercise yes
    • Sleep and Rest yes
    • Sex yes
    • immunizations sometimes
    • employment okay
    • travel car rides okay but walk around every 2 hours
    • breast care wear a support bra
  82. true or false... OTC drugs, tobacco, alcohol, illegal drugs and fumes can cause small birth weight?
    true
  83. true or false... OTC drugs, tobacco, alcohol, illegal drugs and fumes can cause SIDS?
    true
  84. true or false... OTC drugs, tobacco, alcohol, illegal drugs and fumes can cause developmental problems?
    true
  85. true or false... OTC drugs, tobacco, alcohol, illegal drugs and fumes cannot cause prematurity?
    false, they CAN cause prematurity
  86. true or false... OTC drugs, tobacco, alcohol, illegal drugs and fumes can cause abruption?
    true
  87. What is Abruption?
    When the placenta separates from the wall of the uterus
Author
taf
ID
5019
Card Set
week 1 antepartal nursing.txt
Description
Nursing Care of the Childbearing Family
Updated