-
the sensory speech area is called ______ in the parietal lobe
wernickes area
-
the sense of smell arises deep in the ______
cerebrum
-
part of the brain that provides the centers for hearing?
posterior temporal lobes
-
this part of the brain provides vision
posterior occipital lobes
-
sensations of temperature, touch, pressure and pain in the skin arise in the ___?
postcentral gyri
-
interprets impulses from sense organs, initiating voluntary musclular movements, storing memory
cerebrum
-
a thin layer of gray matter called the ______ ______ contains nearly ______(%) of all neuron cell bodies in the nervous system
-
lissencephaly is also known as?
smooth brain
-
very deep grove is called a ___?
fissure
-
shallow to somewhat deep groove is called ___?
sulcus
-
many ridges or convolutions
gyri
-
anterior portion of the forebrain is the largest part of the mature brain
cerebrum
-
contains cerebrum, pons, medulla oblongata
hindbrain
-
Name the 3 major cavities of the brain
- forebrain
- midbrain
- hindbrain
-
carry motor impulses from the brain to skeletal muscles and coordinate muscle and control posture
rubrospinal
-
begins in spinal cord and carries sensory impulses associated with the sensations of pain
spinothalamic tract
-
the ascending and descending tracts are comprised of _______?
axons
-
happens when a person touches something painful
withdrawl reflex
-
each column consists of longitudinal bundles of myelinated nerve fibers that comprise major nerve pathways called?
nerve tracts
-
thin cord of connective tissue descends to the upper surface of the coccyx
Filum terminale
-
the spinal cord tapers to a structure called the ___?
conus medullaris
-
water on the brain
hydrocephalus
-
slender column of nervous tissue that is continuous with the brain and extends downward
spinal cord
-
CSF in continulously reabsorbed into the blood through tiny fingerlike structures called?
arachnoid granulations
-
humans secret _____ mL of CSF daily. only about ____ mL are in the nervous system at any time.
-
can increase pressure between the rigid bones of the skull and the soft tissues of the brain
subdural hematoma
-
Timy, reddish cauliflowerlike masses of specialized capillaries from the pai mater is called ______ and secrets ________
- choroid plexuses
- cerebrospinal fluid
-
the ____ ventricle is in the brainstem, just anterior to the cerebellum
4th
-
this ventricle communicates with the lateral ventricles through interventricular foramina in its anterior end
3rd
-
Bridge of axons that links the 2 cerebral hemispheres
corpus callosum
-
the ______ ventricle is in the midline of the brain beneath the corpus callosum
3rd
-
the right cerebral hemisphere is the _____ventricle
2nd
-
the left cerebral hemisphere is the _______ventricle
1st
-
interconnected cavities that lie in the cerebral hemispheres and brainstem
ventricles
-
the subarchnoid space contains this clear, watery fluid called?
cerebrospinal fluid/CSF
-
sheath around the spinal cord hat is not attached directly to the vertebra
epidural space
-
the largest and most complex part of the nervous system
brain
-
responds to stimulations by the motor neuron and produces the relfex of behavioral action
effector
-
transmits nerve impulse from the brain or spinal cord out to an effector
motor neuron
-
serves as processing center...conducts nerve impulse from the sensory meuron to a motor neuron
interneuron
-
transmits nerve impulse from the receptor into the brain or spinal cord
sensory neuron
-
sensitive to a specific type of internal or external change
receptor
-
stroking the sole of the foot in infants results in dorsiflexion and toes that spread apart called the ________ reflex?
babinski
-
the normal plantar reflex results in ______- of toes
flexion
-
________ muscles in the linbs are the effectors of a withdral reflex
flexor
-
sensory receptors of a withdrawl reflex are located in the _______
skin
-
the pateller reflex helps the body to maintain_____?
posture
-
effector muscle of the patellar reflex is the _____?
quadriceps femoris
-
patellar reflex employs only _______ and ______ neurons
-
effectors of a reflex arc are glands and ______?
muscles
-
automatic subconscious responds to external or internal stimuli
reflexes
-
interneurons in a withdrawl reflex are located in the _______?
-
routes folloed by nerve impulses as they pass through the nervous system
nerve pathways
-
seperates dura mater from bone of vertebra
epidural space
-
thin, weblike middle membrain
arachnoid mater
-
contains cerebrospinal fluid
subarachnoid space
-
follows irregular contours of spinal cord surface
pia mater
-
outermost layer of meninges
dura mater
-
channel through which venous blood flows
dural sinus
-
band of pia mater that anchors dura mater to cord
denticulate ligament
-
ascending tract to the brain to give rise to sensations of temperature and pain
lateral spinothalamic
-
ascending tract to the cerebellum necessary for coordination of skeletal muscles
posterior spinocerebellar
-
descending tract whose fibers conduct motor impulses to skeletal muscles
corticospinal
-
descending tract whose fibers conduct major impulses to sweat glands and muscles to control tone
reticulospinal
-
ascending tract to the brain to interpret touch, pressure, and body movements
fasciculus gracilis
-
longitudinal bundles of nerve fibers within the spinal cord comprise major nerve pathways called _____?
nerve tracks
-
white matter of the spinal cord is divided into anterior, lateral, and posterior _____-
funiculi
-
this is in the gray commissure of the spinal cord contains cerebrospinal fluid and is continuous with the ventricles of the brain
central canal
-
this connects the gray matter on the left and right sides of the spinal cord
gray commissure
-
cell bodies of motor neurons are found in the _____- horns of the spinal cord
anterior
-
in a spinal cross section this posterior part of the gray matter resemble the upper wings of a butterfly
horns
-
the groove that extends the length of the spinal cord posteriorly?
posterior median solcus
-
the bulge in the spinal cord that gives off nerves to the lower limbs is called ____?
lumbar enlargement
-
the bulge in the spinal cord that gives off nerves to the upper limbs is called ________?
cervical enlargement
-
spinal cord gives rise to 31 pairs of ?
spinal nerves
-
mases of gray matter deep within the cerebral hemispheres; produce dopamine
basal nuclei
-
What disease demonstrates a degeneration of basal
nuclei?
Parkinson Disease
-
What comprises the limbic system?
hypothalamus, thalamus, basal nuclei
-
What does the limbic system control?
emotional experience and expression
-
What is the tree-like pattern called in the cerebellum?
arbor vitae
-
The periperal nervous system consistes of the nerves that branch from the CNS, it includes the _________ that arise from the brain and the _______ that arise from the spinal cord
- cranial nerves
- spinal nerves
-
_________fibers carry impulses outward and __________ fibers carry impulses inward
-
sensory fibers transmit impulses associated with the sense of smell
(1) olfactory
-
sensory fibers transmit impulses associated with the sense of vision
(II) optic
-
motor fibers transmit impulses to muscles that raise the eyelids, move the eyes, adjust the amount of light entering the eyes, and focus the lenses
(III) oculomotor
-
motor fibers transmit impulses to muscles that move the eyes; some sensory fibers transmit impulses associated with proprioceptors
(IV) trochlear or (VI) abducens
-
sensory fibers transmit impulses associated with taste receptors of the anterior tongue, facial exprressions, tear glands, and salivary glands
(VII) facial
-
sensory fibers transmit impulses associated with the sense of equilibrium and the sense of hearing
(VIII) vestibulocochlear
-
sensory finers tranmit impulses from the phayynx, tonsils, posterior tongue, and caroid arteries
(IX) glossopharyngeal
-
sensory fibers transmit impulses from the pharynx, larynx, esophagus, and viscera of the thorax and abdomen
(X) Vagus
-
motor fibers transmit impulses to muscles of th esoft palate, phaynx, and larynx, the muscles of the neck and back
(XI) accessory
-
motor fibers impulses to muscles that move the tongue
(XII) hypoglossal
-
sensory branch of a spinal nerve by which it joins the spinal cord
dorsal root
-
motor branch of a spinal nerve by which it attaches to the spinal cord
ventral root
-
formed by the anterior branches of the first four cervical nerves, supply the muscles and skin of the neck
cervical plexuses
-
anterior branches of the lower four cervical nerves and the first thoracic nerves give rise to _________ ___________
brachial plexuses
-
formed by the last thoracic nerve and the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal nerves
lumbosacral plexuses
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