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auricle
- elastic cartilage
- external part of ear
-
external auditory meatus
- canal inside temporal bone
- lined with hair
- contains oil and wax glands
-
tympanic membrane
- ear drum
- cone shaped structure with apex of cone pointing inwards
- separates external and internal ear
-
middle ear
cavity filled with air that contains ossicles
-
ossicles
- bones in ear that transfer vibrations from ear drum to inner ear
- attached by 2 mucles: tensor tympani and stapedius
-
tensor tympani
- muscle in middle ear
- prevents ear drum damage from brief, loud noises
-
stapedius
- muscle in middle ear
- prevents ear drum damage from long, loud noises
-
Eustachian tube
- connects tympanic cavity and middle ear with nasopharynx
- equalizes air pressure on each side of ear drum to protect it
-
inner ear
2 labyrinths: bony and membranous
-
bony labyrinth
- series of cavities in temporal bone
- lined with periosteum
- filled with perilymph
- 3 divisions: cochlea, semi-circular canal, vestibule
-
cochlea
- part of bony labyrinth
- spiral shaped bony cavity that looks like a snail
-
semi-circular canal
- part of bony labyrinth
- 3 cavities that look like half circles
-
vestibule
- part of bony labyrinth
- connects cochlea and semi-circular canals
-
membranous labyrinth
- series of membrane type sacs inside bony labyrinth
- filled with endolymph
- contains cochlear duct, semi-circular duct, crista
-
cochlear duct
- part of membranous labyrinth
- found in cochlea
- contains organ of corti
-
organ of corti
- found in cochlea
- major sense organ for hearing and sound
-
semi-circular duct
- part of membranous labyrinth
- half circles made of membranes
-
crista
- found in semi-circular ducts
- major sense organ for dynamic equilibrium
- maintains body position, especially head in response to acceleration/deceleration
-
cupula
hairs and jelly-like material inside crista that respond to movements and keep head balanced
-
utricles and saccule
small sacs inside vestibule
-
macula
- sense organ in utricles and saccule
- responsible for static equilibrium
-
static equilibrium
maintaining posture in the head in response to changes in body orientation
-
otolithic membrane
hairs and jelly like material in the macula
-
otoliths
- crystals covering otolithic membrane
- sensitivity to gravity
- always know up from down
- maintain posture and balance
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