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Personality
A person’s pattern of thinking, feeling and acting
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Sigmund Freud
Founder of psychoanalysis
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Psychodynamic perspective
The neo-Freudians use parts of Freud’s theory to form this perspective
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Preconsious
Region of consciousness that is NOT conscious but is easily retrievable
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Unconsious
Thoughts, wishes, feelings, & memories which we are unaware of
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Id
Our sense of right & wrong in our personality
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Ego
Mediates between id & superego
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Superego
Our sense of right & wrong in our personality
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Defense mechanisms
These are used by our ego to protect us from the unconscious demands
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Repression
Pushing horrific experiences deep into memory so you do not remember the event
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Regression
When you go back to previous behaviors for attention & protection
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Projection
People disguise threats of your own by pushing them onto others
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5 psychosocial stages
oral, anal, phallic, latency, & genital
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Self-actualization
The highest level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
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Self-concept
Central feature of your personality
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Traits
Characteristics patterns of behavior & motivation
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Big 5 Personality Traits
Emotional stability, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, coscientousness
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Personality inventory
A questionnaire to assess feelings and behaviors of a sample
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When a personality test gets the results it was designed for
reliabilty
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validity
When a test measures what it is supposed to measure
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Social-cognitive Theory
Personality perspective that uses modeling, rewards and environmental influences
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Psychological disorder
a harmful disfunction in a person
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maladaptive
a behavior that is destructive to one’s self
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unjustifiable
A behavior that is without rational basis
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disturbing
A behavior that is troublesome to other people
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atypical
A behavior that violates a social norms or a culture
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Medical model
Psychological disorder that is linked to specific biological problems & symptoms
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Bio-psycho-social model
3 factors that interact to produce psychological disorders
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DSM-IV-TR: Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
The book used to classify psychological disorders
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Generalized anxiety disorder
Anxiety disorder marked by persistent, unexplained feelings of apprehension & tension
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Obsessive compulsive disorder
Psychological disorder that has symptoms of unwanted repetitive thoughts
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Panic disorder
Anxiety disorder marked by intense and unexplained panic
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phobias
Anxiety disorder that show irrational fears of objects or situations
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Bipolar disorder
Disorder where there are states of over-excitement and complete helplessness
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Helplessness and attributional styles
Causes of mood disorder according to social cognitive theory
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Dissociative disorders
disorder where the sense of self may exhibit separate states
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Dissociative amnesia
Loss of memory due to a traumatic even
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Dissociative identity disorders
When a person has 2 or more distinct personalities
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hypochondriasis
When there are no physical causes of a sickness but someone is sick and suffering
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Somatoform disorders
Psychological disorders where symptoms take a bodily form w/o a physical cause
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Somatoform disorders
Disorders that show delusional thinking & disturbed perception
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schizophrenia
Disorders that show delusional thinking & disturbed perception
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delusion
False beliefs that schizophrenics experience
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Word salad
Unrelated words & phrases that schizophrenics use
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catatonic schizophrenia
Type of schizophrenia that has delusions of grandeur and persecution
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undifferentiated schizophrenia
A schizophrenic that cannot be labeled paranoid, catatonic or disorganized
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Personality disorders
Patterns of behavior that harm social functioning
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schizoid
Someone who is unable to form social relationships
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Antisocial personality disorder
Personality disorder characterized by a lack of guilt feelings
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Psychotherapy
Interactions between a therapist & someone suffering from a psychological difficulty
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Eclectic therapy
Using various forms of therapy
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Active listening
Feature of client-centered therapy
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Operant & classical conditioning
Behavior therapy uses these 2 types of conditioning
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Systematic desensitization
Trying to associate a relaxed state to something that creates high anxiety
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Aversive conditioning
Giving alcoholics a nausea-inducing drink is an example of aversive conditioning
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Cognitive-behavoiral therapy
Changing the way that you see the world and creating an alternate reaction to negative emotions
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Similar problems
Group therapy is more beneficial for people who have…
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psychiatrist
The type of therapists that can prescribe medications
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Cognitive AND behavior therapies
Therapy type that helps the most to treat depression
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