Bio 210 Final

Only a small portion of genomic DNA is used to code for proteins.
True False

The phenotype of cells differ because of differences in gene expression.
True False

Cells exist in a state of equilibrium where rates of forward reactions are equal rates of the reverse reaction.
True False

Subtle aspects of structural information encoded in genes include specifying sequences of amino acids involved in protein-protein interactions and post-translational modifications.
True False

Vaccine development for the HIV virus has been slow because of the variability in surface proteins like gp120.
True False

. The enzyme that makes cAMP from ATP is

a. adenylate cyclase

b. cAMP-dependent protein kinase

c. cAMP phosphodiesterase

d. any phosphatase

e. cAMP-dependent phospholipase

7. GTP - binding proteins

a. can bind either GDP or GTP

b. have GTPase activity

c. act as binary (on/off) switches

d. help amplify a hormone's signal
e. all the above

. Protein kinases can recognize

a. ser or thr residues within a certain primary sequence.

b. lysine residues in the
C-terminus.

c. special antibody preparations.

d. hydrophobic patches on the surface of
proteins.

e. phosphodiester bonds in protein-DNA
complexes.

Reactions
with a positive ∆G are said to be

a. spontaneous

b. favored

c. non-spontaneous

d. unlikely

e. unwelcome

Cells are metastable; spontaneous reactions

a. proceed at a slow rate because high activation energies
require enzymes.

b. proceed at a fast rate
because they are favored.

c. proceed readily because of
the availability of ATP.

d. only proceed to the left.

e. proceed at fast rates because of highly
negative ∆G values.

.
Catalysts work by

a. increasing the energy level
of the transition state.

b. donating functional groups
that become part of the product of the reaction.

c. decreasing the
activation energy.

d. make the ∆G values more favorable.

e. effectively shifting the equilibrium to the
right by mass action.

Ubiquitin is

a. a highly conserved protein found
in most all eukaryotic cells

b. a yeast protein engineered for cell use

c. is secreted
so that it can attach to antigens and aid in antibody recognition

d. is highly
mutated so that it can carry out many diverse functions

e. is localized
to the nucleus and can activate RNA polymerase

Activation of PKA (cAMP-dependent protein kinase A) results in

a. activation of
gluconeogenesis

b.
phosphorylation and inactivation of glycogen synthase

c.
phosphorylation and activation of phosphorylase kinase

d. phosphorylation and inactivation of glycogen
synthase

e. both b and d
are correct

Protein kinases

a. are enzymes
that cleave phosphates from protein substrates

b. are enzymes
that activate G-proteins

c. are enzymes that transfer the
gamma-phosphate from ATP to a protein substrate

d. are used
during sugar metabolism when mitochondria make ATP

e. modify the 5'
ends of nucleotides.

A protein with ubiquitin bound

a. has 1 N -terminus
and 2 C-termini

b. has 2
N-termini and 2 C-termini

c.
has 2 N-termini and 1 C-terminus

d. has a mutated
arginine

e. is no big
deal

Trimeric G-proteins function to couple activated receptors to the production of second messengers like cAMP
True False

DNA sequence information can be used to develop polypeptide antigens.
True False

Binding partners of protein X can be identified in immunoprecipitates with antiX antibodies.
True False

Protein degradation is an ATP-dependent process.
True False

ATP hydrolysis is coupled to non-spontaneous reactions to give them an overall negative ∆G.
True False

Only pure proteins can act as antigens.
True False

Monoclonal antibodies are produced by B cell:myeloma hybridomas.
True False

If an enzyme's activity is sensitive to salt and pH, which amino acids might be involved in binding at the active site?

a.
gly and ala

b. trp and phe

c.
glu, lys and his

d. ser, gln, and val

e.
impossible to say

Phosphofructokinase, an important rate-controlling enzyme in glycolysis, is activated allosterically by

a.
AMP and ADP

b. ATP

c. GTP

d. citrate

e. calcium

. B cells respond to ___________ and make___________.

a. light; ATP

b. insulin; sugar

c. cAMP; adrenalin

d.
T cells; antigens

e. antigens; immunoglobulins