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Cervical injuries generally cause ___
quadriplegia
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Thoracic and Lumbar injuries generally cause ___
paraplegia
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c4-t2 a/w
arm, wrist, hand
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t7-12 a/w
abdominal muscles
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s1-5 a/w
bowel, bladder, sexual function
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A spinal injury above ___ results in being placed on a ventilator
c4
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Spinal shock (def)
- loss of reflex function below lesion due to trauma to spinal cord
- persists for 7-20 days
- reflex activity, spasticity, and reflex emptying of bladder signal end of spinal shock
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Spinal shock (M's)
- flaccid paralysis
- absence of sensation below injury
- loss of bladder function and rectal control
- transient drop in blood pressure
- disturbed thermoregulation
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Autonomic disreflexia (def)
usually associated with voiding urges being referred to an autonomic response such as sweating, shivering, or hypertension
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Cervical lumbar subluxation results in ___
- paresthesia and pain in arm and hand
- reduced neck range of motion
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Multiple Sclerosis (def & onset)
- a chronic progressive demyelinating disorder of the CNS
- onset is between 20-40 years
- thought to be related to an abnormal immune response to a viral infection in genetically susceptible adults
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What disorder is a/w T-cells damaging the CNS's myelin sheath
Multiple Sclerosis
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Guillain-Barre Syndrome (def)
- an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the peripheral nerve system
- likely a/w an immune system overreaction
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What disorder starts in the feet and often follows 1-8 weeks after a GI or respiratory infection, inoculation, or surgical procedure?
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
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Guillain-Barre Syndrome (M's)
- progressive paralysis beginning in the feet
- may involve respiratory muscles
- paresthesia or dysesthesia
- loss of autonomic regulation (change in BP and cardiac function)
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When is the peak disability with Guillain-Barre Syndrome?
10-14 days
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Myasthenia Gravis (def)
chronic autoimmune disease resulting in muscle weakness
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In what disorder does IgG block or destroy Acetylcholine receptors?
Myasthenia Gravis
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Myasthenia Gravis a/w cn 3, 4, and 6 (M's)
- diplopia
- ptosis (drooping of the upper eyelid)
- ocular palsy
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Myasthenia Gravis a/w cn 9, 10, 11, 12 (M's)
- dysphagia
- aspiration pneumonia
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What disorder worsens as the day goes by and improves with rest?
Myasthenia Gravis
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Bell's Palsy (def)
acute paresis (weakness) or paralysis of the facial nerve (cn 7)
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Bell's Palsy (M's)
- unilateral facial weakness
- unilateral facial droop
- diminished eye blink
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What is a bubble of CSF outside the spine called?
Meningocele
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What is a bubble of CSF and spinal nerves outside the spine called?
Myelomeningocele
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Cerebral Palsy (def)
- non-progressive crippling disorder that is present at birth
- likely cased by prenatal infection, toxins, trauma, lack of oxygen to brain, or hypoglycemia
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Cerebral Palsy (M's)
- spastic muscle action
- rigid extremities
- scoliosis
- contractures
- dyskinetic (difficulty with purposeful movement)
- ataxic (hypotonia and gate disturbances)
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Cerebral Palsy (general M's)
- seizures
- intellectual impairment
- visual problems
- hearing impairment
- communication difficulties
- bowel or bladder problems
- orthopedic disabilities
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