Chapter 12

Lumen:_________________

Sorting signal in a protein functions to? If a protein lacks a sorting signal then what happens?

Proteins with a sorting signal will be deliver by one of three mechanisms. Name them.

In gated transport of a protein, the protein will pass through a ____ ______ ____ that act as a elective gate for large molecules. Because it is a gate, smaller molecules may simpoly diffuse through.

Transmembrane transport involves proteins called _____ ______ that transport specific proteins across a membrane into another compartment

2 major types of protein signals?

The largest intracellular compartment

The sorting signal sequence is usually removed by the enzyme one it reaches its destination. What enzyme?

both types of proteins sorting signals are recognized by a ____ _____

The nuclear envelope surround the __________.

A nucleopore contains a _____ _____ _____ composed of many types of proteins called _________

this signal sequence destines a protein to be imported into the nucleus

Proteins containing a nuclear localization signal (imported) will be recognized by _______ that guide the protein through the nuclear core complex into the nucleus

Substances to be exported have ____ _____ signals that are recognized by ______ that guide the substance through the nuclear core complex into the cytosol.

These structures give shape and stability to the nuclear envelope and form structural links between the nuclear envelope and chromatin

this actions caused the depolymerization of the nuclear lamina. The nuclear envelope fragments (prophase)

this process results in the fusion of the nuclear envelope and ER fragments in early telophase

The mitochondria has _ membranes.

The chloroplast has _ membranes. Name them

How does the mitochondria and chloroplast aquire their proteins?

This protein import process occurs in peroxisomes and nucleoplasm

Imported mitochondrial proteins have one of four destinations

The cellular organelle does not contain DNA or ribosomes, found in all eukaryotic cells, a single membrane, and performs oxidase reactions

Plants convert stored fatty acids into sugars in the ______ cycle. The peroxisomes involved in this cycle are termed _________.

The organelle that synthesizes mitochondrial and peroxisome lipids

2 kind of ribosomes

True/false: A free ribosome contains signal sequences

Membrane-bound ribosomes are bound to which surface of the ER?

This kind of protein contains the LARGEST consectuive hydrophobic sequence and is transported by a the method co-translational translocation

True/false: ER proteins are transported by the mechanism co-translational transport.

This particle binds to the ER sequence once it emerges from the ribosome, and pauses translation. Then binds to the _____ receptor in the ER membrane. This is a ______

This signal acts as a start transfer, and opens the aqeous pore to initiate translocation

A _____ region in a transmembrane protein is hydrophobic and stops further translocation

Name the 5 major functions of the ER
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

This enzyme degrades the protein signal

A double-pass transmembrane protein contains 2 signals. What are they?

Glycolsylation of proteins made from the rough ER (this is a major function of the ER) can NOT involve which amino acid in the N-linked oligosaccharide?

This specialized lipid molecule in the membrane holds the precursor oligosaccharide before it is transfered to the protein. This molecule is called ______. The sugar is transported via an enzyme ____________ that is membrane bound; transfers the oligosaccharide to the target amino acid in the _____ _____ (side of ER membrane)

Proteins are folding in the
a) lumen
b) cytosol
c) a and b
d) nucleoplasm

In the lumen, a improperly folded protein is exported to the ______ for degradation by the ______

These 2 important lipids are made from the ER on the _______ side of the ER membrane.

this phospholipid translocator is found in the ER membrane for symmetric growth

This enzymes is found in the plasma membrane and flips only specific phospholipids to the cytoplasmic membrane

Lipids move from the ER to the mitochondria via an enzyme called the __________________________________ in the cytosol.

Phosplipids move to the Nuclear membrane via _____ ______

Peroxisome aquire their lipids by 2 ways
1)
2)

this organelle contains catalase and will convert excess hydrogen peroxide into water