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Dizziness
Lightheadedness
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Vertigo
True rotational spinning
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Hyper/hypothyroid effects on cardiovascular
- Hypo: Bradycardia
- Hyper: Tachycardia
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Hyper/hypothyroid effects on GI
- Hypo: Constipation
- Hyper: Diarrhea
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Hyper/hypothyroid effects on skin
- Hypo: dry, brittle hair
- Hyper: Fine, silky, soft hair
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Hyper/hypothyroid effects on neuro
- Hypo: Fatigue
- Hyper: Nervousness
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Hyper/hypothyroid effects on heat tolerance
Hypo: Cold
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Hyper/hypothyroid effects on heat
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Hyper/hypothyroid effects on weight
- Hypo: weight gain
- Hyper: weight loss
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Name four sets of skull bones
- 1. Forntal
- 2. Parietal
- 3. Temporal
- 4. Occipital
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Fused bones of face
frontal, nasal, zygomatic, lacrimal, sphenoid, maxilla
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Movable bones of face
Mandible (connects to temporal bone at TMJ)
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Vessels of neck
- 1. carotid and internal jugular (lay beneath the SCM muscle)
- 2. external jugular beon (visible over the SCM muscle)
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Accessory muscles of resp (CNXI)
Location of SCM
- Extends from the anterior neck to the mastoid process behin dthe ear
- Rotates the head side to side
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Accessory muscles of resp
Trapezius
- Large, flat triangular muscle
- Attaches to the occipital bone and extends to the scapular and clavicles
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Purpose of trapezius
- Helps with shoulder shrug
- Rotates head side to side and extends head backwards
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Two triangular muscles
- anterior triangle (anterior to SCM)
- posterior triangle (between SCM and trapezius)
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Hyoid Bone
Floor of mouth
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Thyroid catilage
Prominent notch = Adam's apple
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Cricoid cartilage
- Upper tracheal ring
- Site for emergency cricoidotomy
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What two hormones do the thyroid secrete
- T4 (thyroxine)
- T3 (triiodothyronine)
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Nml degrees for fexion, lateral flexion (ear to shoulder), rotation (turn right and left), and extension
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What does the right lymphatic duct drain
RIGHT head and neck, arm, thorax lung and pleura, heart, and upper liver
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What does the thoracic duct drain
rest of the body
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What does the preauricular node drain and where is it located
- Drains: scalp, forehead, lateral eyelids, eyes, upper face and external auditory canal)
- Located: anterior to tragus
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What does the postauricular drain and where is it located
- Drains: Parietal area od scalp and external auditory canal
- Location: behind ear on mastoid process
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Wha does the occipital node drain and where is it located
- Drain: Parietal region of scalp
- Location: Base of skull
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What does the submental drain and where is it located
- Drain: Mouth, lips, and tongue
- Location: Midline, behind the tip of the mandible
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What does the submaxillary (submandibular) node drain and where is it located
- Drain: Lips, mouth, tongue and and submaxillary glands
- Location: Half way btw jaw angle and tip of mandible
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What does the tonsillar node drain and where it is located
- Drain: Eyelids, frontotemporal skin, external auditory meatus, tympanic cavity, tonsils, posterior palate, floor of mouth and thyroid
- Location: at the angle of the jaw
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What does the superficial or anterior cervical drain and where is it located
- Drain: Skin of ear and neck
- Location: Overlying the SCM muscle
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What does the deep cervical chain node drain and where is it located
- Drain: Ear, larynx, thyroid, trachea, upper part of esophagus
- Location: Under SCM muscle
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What does the posterior cervical chain node drain and where is it located
- Drain: posterior scalp, posterior skin of neck, and thyroid
- Location: Posterior triangle along the edge of the trapezius muscle
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What does the supraclavicular node drain and where is it located
- Drain: Upper abd, lungs, breast, arm
- Location: Above and behind the SCM muscle
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When does the posterior fontanel close
2 months
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When does the anterior fontanel close
24 months
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Craniostenosis
Premature closure of one or more cranial sutures while brain growth continues
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Microcephalus
Abn small head
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Hydrocephalus
Obstruction to CSF drainage results in an enlarged head and increased ICP
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Head lesions of sebaceous cysts (Wen)
Smooth, firm mass on the scalp r/t occlusion of the sebaceous duct
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Trisomy 21/Downs Syndrome
- 3 chromosomes instead of 2
- Etes have inner epicanthal folds, flat nasal bridge, small broad flat nose, protruding thick tongue, ear dysplasia (incorrect slant), and short broad neck with wbbing (epicanthal fold= extra fold on skin covering inner corner of eye)
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Acromegaly
Excessive secretion of growth hormone produces an enlarged skull, thickened cranial bone and coarse facial features
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Parkinson's disease
Masklike face with staring gaze
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Cushing's Syndrome
Increased adrenal glucocorticoids. Moonlike round face, prominent jowls, hirsutism
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Nephortic Syndrome
Face edematous and pale, periorbital edema
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Graves disease
- Hyperthyroidism
- Exopthalamus (protruding eyeballs)
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Myxedema
- Severe hypothyroidism
- Puffy face, periorbital edema, dry skin and hair, eyebrows coarse and thin lateral margins
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Bells's Palsy
- May be r/t HSV1
- Paralysis of CNVII
- In contrast to stroke, this person cannot wrinkle the forehead
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Tics and fasiculations
Involuntary contraction of a muscle group
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Temporal arteritis
pain with palpation of temporal artery
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trigeminal neuralgia
- AKA tic delaroux
- Affects CNV. Extremely painful
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Herpes Zoster
Inflammation along any nerve root
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Lymphedema
- excessive collection of fluid in the interstitia spaces d/t blocked or infectedlymphatic channels.
- Aquired or congenital (Milroy disease)
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