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what are the four lobes of the brain
frontal parietal occiptal temporal
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what does the cerebellum do
control integrate motor activity--ongoing movements
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what does the frontal lobes do
motivation inhibition foresight and planning, judegment
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what does the dominant parietal lobes do
usually left speech laguage aphasia calclulations association cortex
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what do the non dominate pareital lobes do
visual spatial and geographic functions body image
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what do the temporal lobes do
language, memory
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wht does the hippocampus do
memoryattention and alertness, behavior endocrine, visceral functions, temporal lobe epilsepy
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what does the hypothalamus do
regllatory functions, feeding sleep circadian rhythym tehmpeartuer, post and ant pitutuary diabetes insipidus
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what does the limbic system do
- emotion memory, amygdala=fear, sensory and response
- hippocampus=new memory
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describe the VTA area
- mesolimbic pathway connects VTA to nucleus accumbens
- mesocortical pathway connects the VTA to cortical ares in frontal lobs
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what are properties of a drug to cross blood csf barrier
unbound, low mw, lipophilic, active transport
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what makes depression important
serious * common
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how do you diagnos depression
- LOW MOOD OR ANUDONEA--no pleasure, AND
- change sleep, change appetite, decreased interest, decreased energy, feelign helpless/hopeless, increase guilt, decreased concentration, inability to thik, recurrent thoughts of death or suicide
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whats pathophys of dpresseion
- elevated cortisol--stress hormone, insulin resistance, cuts down immune system
- ACTH--too mich
- POMC--anterior pit, hypothalamus--releasing homron
- mesobasal--gonadotropin releasing
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describe how psychiatric diagnoses are made
- DSM IV --diagnositc and statistical manual of mental disorders
- lists criteria necessary to meet diagnosis useful for standardizing diagnose
- tomeetmost diagnosis generally must intervere with social or occupational function
- must be interpretted in context of culture
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review scales commony used in psychiatry
- PSYCH EVAL--history of present illness, review of psych symptoms, past med history, fam history, preveious episodes, social history, medication history
- MENTAL STATUS EXAM-- counter part to phsyical exam in medicine, sumes total of observatiosn
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DEFINE delusions
fixed false believe--tv reading my thoughts
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define hallucinations
sensory perception there most auditory hearing things
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define obsessions
things.... idk
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define thought blocking
start talking then stop
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define sicrumstantial speach
take awhile to get ehre
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define tangential speech
not really answer
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define loose associations
jump from place to place
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what are three components of anxiety
- physical symptoms
- cognitive component
- behavioral component
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whats physiology of anxiety--physical system
- perceived danger
- brain sends message to autonomic nervous system
- sympatheitc nervous system is activated--all or none phenomena
- sympathetic nervous system is the fight/flight
- sympathetic nervous system releases adrenaline and noradrenalin from adrenal glans on the kidnesy
- these chemicasl are messengers to cintoniue actiivty
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what are cardiovascular effects of anxiety
- increase in heart rate and strenght of heartbeat to speed up bloodflow
- blood is redirected fro places it is not neede--skin fingers and toes to places where it is more needed--large muscle groups like thighs and biceps
- respiratory effects--increase in speed and dep of breathing
- sweat gland effects--increased sweating
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what are clinical features of obsessive compulsive disorder
- obsessions--recurring distressing ideas or images
- fear of contamination, pathological doubt, somatic obsessions, need for symmetry
- compulsions-- recurring behaviors designed to decrease anxiety caused by obessions
- checking washing, counting, need to ask or confess
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treatment for obsessive compulsions
- clomipramine
- ssris
- cognitive behavioral therapy
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