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What are the three parts to an ATP molecule?
Adenine, Ribose, and Phosphate
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How is energy released from an ATP molecule?
When a phosphate is broken off
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What is ADP?
Adenine Diphosphate
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What is AMP?
Adenine Monophosphate
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What does an enzyme do?
Speeds up chemical reactions
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How does an enzyme work?
They reduce the amount of activation energy needed for a chemical reaction?
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What three factors affect an enzyme's activity?
- Tempurature
- pH Level
- Enzyme and Substrate concentration
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Enzymes are specific, which mean?
That they only carry out one reaction
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What is a common use of enzymes?
Cleaning products and Laundry detergents (help break down proteins)
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What is photosynthesis?
The process in which plants trap the sun's energy and use it to make sugar (glucose)
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What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2+6H2O+ Light Energy ---> C6H12O6+6O2
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What are the two phases of photosynthesis?
- Light-Dependent Reactions
- The Calvin Cycle
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Why are pigments important?
They trap the energy in the sun's light
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What is photolysis?
The process of restoring electrons
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How are lost electrons restored?
Water molecules are split
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What does photolysis provide us with?
The air that we breathe
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 Identify what goes into the spots for numbers 1-15
- 1: Cytoplasm
- 2: Anaerobic
- 3: Glucose
- 4:Pyruvic Acid
- 5: 2
- 6: Mitochondria
- 7: Aerobic
- 8: Pyruvic acid/CoenzymeA
- 9: Citric Acid
- 10: 2
- 11: Mitochondria
- 12: Aerobic
- 13: Oxygen/Electrons (NADH and FADH2)
- 14: Water
- 15: 34
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What is needed during a light-dependent reaction?
- Needed: Light and Water
- Formed: NADPH, Oxygen, and ATP
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What is needed and formed during the Calvin Cycle (light-independent reaction)?
- Needed: NADPH, Oxygen, ATP
- Formed: Glucose
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Where do light-dependent reactions take place?
Thylakoid
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Where does the Calvin Cycle take place?
Stroma
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What is the order of the following statements for light-dependent reactions:
A: Highly energized electrons go through the electron transport chain- a series of proteins embedded in the thylakoid membrane
B: Electrons travel though a second electron transport chain
C: NADP+ combines with a hydrogen ion and fornms NADPH
D: The electron is transfered to the stroma by NADP+
E: The energy being released can be used to form ATP from ADP
F: Energy transferred to electrons (found in the thylakoid membrane
G: At each step along the chain, the electron loses energy
H: Sunlight strikes a chlorophyll molecule in the thylakoin membrane
HFAGEBDC
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What is the order of the following steps of the Calvin Cycle?
A: One of the sugars becomes glucose
B: Carbon dioxide is added to a five-carbon molecule by an enzyme
C: The other sugare goes through reactions to become the original five-carbon molecule
D: The resulting six-carbon molecule splits into two, three-carbon molecules. Phosphate from ATP and an electron from NADPH are added to form sugars
BDAC
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How many rounds does it take in the Calvin Cycle to make one sugar?
Six
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What is cellular respiration?
The process in which the mitochondria break down food
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What is the equation for cellular respiration?
C6H12O6+6O2 -----> 6CO2+ 6H2O+ ATP
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What are the three stages of cellular respiration?
- Glycolysis
- Citric Acid Cycle
- Electron Transport Chain
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In the three stages of cellular respiration which are aeribuc abd which are anaerobic?
- Glycolysis-anaerobic
- Citric Acid Cycle-aerobic
- Electron Transport Chain-aerobic
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In glycolysis what is glucose converted to? And what is the net profit the ATP molecules?
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During the citric acid cycle, pyruvic acid combines with _________ to form ___________.
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For every turn of the citric acid cycle, ______ ATP molecules are made. How many turns are there?
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What is the final electron receptor in the electron transport? When it is bonded with hydrogen ions, it forms __________.
- oxygen
- 2 molecules of water
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How many ATP molecules are produced by the electron transport chain?
34 ATP molecules
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In ideal situations, how many total ATP molecules are produced?
38 ATP molecules
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When does fermentation occur?
When there is no oxygen for a short period of time?
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Identify the three parts of the molecule, as well as the type of molecule.
- ATP Molecule
- 1- Adenine
- 2- Ribose
- 3- Phosphate
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What are some of the differences between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
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What does chlorophyll a and b do?
It absorbs most wavelengths of light except green (which is reflected)
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What are carotenoids?
The orange pigments in plants
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