-
Frontal lobe contains/responsible for?
- primary motor cortex = voluntary motor activity
- intellectual function
- awareness of self
- personality
-
Parietal lobe contains/responsible for?
- contains primary somesthetic (sensory) cortex
- receive sensory input such as position, touch, and shape
-
Temporal lobe contains/responsible?
- contains primary auditory cortex
- comprehension of spoken and written language
-
Occipital lobe contains/responsible for?
- contains the primary visual cortex
- receiving and interpreting visual information
-
Thalamus is a _____
relay and integration station from the spinal cord to the brain
-
Hypothalamus does what?
- maintains homeostasis (temperature, thirst, hunger)
- formation of autonomic nervous system responses
- regulates pituitary gland
- secretes ADH to be stored in the p-gland
-
Epithalamus contains/responsible for?
- contains the pineal gland
- sleepiness
-
Subthalamus is part of the ___
basal ganglia
-
Diencephalon contains?
- thalamus
- hypothalamus
- epithalamus
- subthalamus
-
Basal ganglia is responsible for ____
smooth, coordinated voluntary muscle movement
-
Substantia nigra is part of what and does what?
- part of the basal ganglia
- secretes dopamine and acetylcholine
-
Acetylcholine (action)
neurotransmitter that excites muscles
-
Dopamine (action)
neurotransmitter that smooths out muscle movement
-
Brain stem is made of what parts?
- midbrain
- pons
- medulla oblongata
-
Midbrain (job)
relay stimuli concerning muscle movement from the muscle to other brain structures
-
What nerves originate in the midbrain?
- oculomotor nerve (CN III)
- trochlear nerve (CN IV)
-
Pons (job)
relay impulses from the cerebellum to the brain stem and between the two hemispheres
-
What nerves originate in the pons?
- trigeminal (CN V)
- abducens (CN VI)
- facial (CN VII)
- acoustic or auditory (CN VIII)
-
Medulla oblongata (job)
controlling breathing, sneezing, swallowing, coughing, vomiting, vasoconstriction
-
Where do signals cross from one side of the brain to the other?
Medulla oblongata
-
What nerves originate in the medulla oblongata?
- glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
- vagus (CN X)
- spinal accessory (CN XI)
- hypoglossal (CN XII)
-
Tentorium cerebella (location and function)
- separates cerebellum from cerebral cortex
- coordinating movements
- equilibrium
- muscle tone
- proprioception (sense of space)
-
Supratentorial injuries result in
changes in arousal due to changes in the cerebral cortex
-
Subtentorial or intratentorial injuries result in
- cerebellar or brainstem injury
- manifestations due to injury to RAS
-
RAS = ____ and is responsible for ___
- Reticular Activating System
- arousal (awakeness)
-
Structural impact of aging
- decreased brain weight
- ventricles enlarge to make up for brain shrinkage
- fibrosis and thickening of meninges
- arterial atherosclerosis
- increased permeability of blood brain barrier
- decreased myelin
-
Functional impact of aging
- decreased deep tendon reflexes
- decline in taste and smell
- decreased vibratory sense
- decreased visual accommodation
- decreased color vision
- decreased neuromuscular control affects gait and posture
- sleep disturbances
- memory impairments
-
Components of LOC assessment
- arousal - mediated by RAS
- content of thought - mediated by cerebral cortex and brainstem
-
Obtunded =
decreased response to pain
-
Cheyne-Stokes (Dis & Cause)
- periods of apnea between normal berating
- caused by damage to cerebral cortex
-
Decorticate Posturing (Dis & Indicates)
- flexion and adduction of arms, wrists, and fingers
- indicates cortical damage above the midbrain
-
Decerebrate Posturing (Dis & Indicates)
- fixed extension of arms and legs
- indicates severe injury at and below the midbrain
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