True or False
The adult skeleton consists of 206 separate bones
True
True or False
Bones of the appendicular skeleton form the brain case and the vertebral column
False
Which is not part of the appendicular skeleton?
C. Parietal Bones
The term sinus, as it relates to bone markings, may be defined as a:
B. cavity within a bone
Mastoiditis is the inflammation of a sinus within which bone(s)?
B. Temporal
A fontanel can best be described as a(n):
D. unossified area in the infant's skull
The skeletal framwork of the neck consists of:
D. cervical vertebrae
The number of thoracic vertebrae is:
C. 12
Metacarpal bones formt he framework of the:
D. hand
A hunchback appearance of the thoracic region is probably caused by:
B. lordosis
First seven pairs of ribs that attach directly to the sternum
a. body b. false ribs
c. floating ribs d. manubrium
e. true rib f. xiphoid process
g. costal cartilage
e. true rib
Eleventh and twelfth ribs, which have no attachment to the sternum
a. body b. false ribs
c. floating ribs d. manubrium
e. true rib f. xiphoid process
g. costal cartilage
c. floating rib
Middle part of the sternum
a. body b. false ribs
c. floating ribs d. manubrium
e. true rib f. xiphoid process
g. costal cartilage
a. body
Most superior part of the sternum
a. body b. false ribs
c. floating ribs d. manubrium
e. true rib f. xiphoid process
g. costal cartilage
d. manubrium
the blunt, cartilaginous lower tip of the sternum
a. body b. false ribs
c. floating ribs d. manubrium
e. true rib f. xiphoid process
g. costal cartilage
f. xiphoid process
The five pairs of ribs that do not attach directly to the sternum
a. body b. false ribs
c. floating ribs d. manubrium
e. true rib f. xiphoid process
g. costal cartilage
b. false ribs
The material that attaches the rib, directly or indirectly, to the sternum
a. body b. false ribs
c. floating ribs d. manubrium
e. true rib f. xiphoid process
g. costal cartilage
g. costal cartilage
True or False
Syndesmotic joints have hyaline cartilage at articular surfaces
False
True or False
Synchondrotic joints between the ribs and the sternum allow for expansion of the chest cavity during breathing
True
True of False
Condyloid (ellipsoidal) joints are biaxial joints in which one bone fits into a depression on another bone
True
True or False
As a group, gliding joints are the least movable of the synovial joints
True
What are the most movable joints in the body?
D. Synovial joints
Menisci are:
A. fibrocartilage pads
Moving a body part away from the medial plane of the body is called:
B. abduction
The type of movement that increases the angel between body parts is:
A. extension
Tilting the foot upward, decreasing the angel between the top of the foot and the front of the leg, is called:
D. dorsiflexion
Deterioration of the nucleus pulposus results in:
D. a "slipped disk"
Thin layer of cartilage covering the articulating surfaces of teh bones
a. articular cartilage b. synovial membrane
c. joint cavity d. menisci
e. joint capsule f. ligaments
g. bursae
a. articular cartilage
Closed pillowlike structures formed from synovial membrane
a. articular cartilage b. synovial membrane
c. joint cavity d. menisci
e. joint capsule f. ligaments
g. bursae
g. bursae
Small space between two articualting bones
a. articular cartilage b. synovial membrane
c. joint cavity d. menisci
e. joint capsule f. ligaments
g. bursae
c. joint cavity
Secretes a lubricating fluid into the joint capsule
a. articular cartilage b. synovial membrane
c. joint cavity d. menisci
e. joint capsule f. ligaments
g. bursae
b. synovial membrane
Pads of fibrocartilage between articulating bones
a. articular cartilage b. synovial membrane
c. joint cavity d. menisci
e. joint capsule f. ligaments
g. bursae
d. menisci
Strong cords of dense white connective tissue that help stabilize a joint
a. articular cartilage b. synovial membrane
c. joint cavity d. menisci
e. joint capsule f. ligaments
g. bursae
f. ligaments
Sleevelike extension of the periosteum of each of the articulating bones in a joint
a. articular cartilage b. synovial membrane
c. joint cavity d. menisci
e. joint capsule f. ligaments
g. bursae
e. joint capsule
The covering of individual muscle fibers is the:
A. endomysium
Muscles that contract at the same time as the prime movers are called:
D. both a and b
Muscles may be named according to:
D. all the above
When an athlete injures the Achilles Tendon, the injury is on the:
C. posterior lower leg
True or False
A fixator muscle can be seen as another thpe of synergist muscle
True
True or False
The sternocleidomastoid muscle is an example of a muscle named by the number of heads
False
Skeletal muscles constitute approximately ____ of our body weight
D. 50%
An aponeurosis could be described as a:
B. flat sheet of conective tissue connecting muscle to other structures
A muscle that assists with mastication is the:
A. masseter
True or False
The respiratory, digestive, circulatory, excretory, and endocrine systems all contribut to the ability of muscles to maintain poster
True
Muscles that directly oppose prime movers
C. antagonists
Muscles that play the major role in accomplishing a particular movement
C. prime movers
Muscles that contract at the same time as the prime mover, producing a more effective movement
C. synergists
Muscles that help maintain posture or balance during contraction of muscles acting on joints in the arms and legs
A. fixators
gluteus maximus
a. neck b. back
c. chest d. abdominal wall
e. shoulder f. upper arm
g. forearm h. buttocks
i. thigh j. leg
h. buttocks
biceps brachii
a. neck b. back
c. chest d. abdominal wall
e. shoulder f. upper arm
g. forearm h. buttocks
i. thigh j. leg
f. upper arm
trapezius
a. neck b. back
c. chest d. abdominal wall
e. shoulder f. upper arm
g. forearm h. buttocks
i. thigh j. leg
b. back
pectoralis major
a. neck b. back
c. chest d. abdominal wall
e. shoulder f. upper arm
g. forearm h. buttocks
i. thigh j. leg
c. chest
adductor magnus
a. neck b. back
c. chest d. abdominal wall
e. shoulder f. upper arm
g. forearm h. buttocks
i. thigh j. leg
i. thigh
pronator teres
a. neck b. back
c. chest d. abdominal wall
e. shoulder f. upper arm
g. forearm h. buttocks
i. thigh j. leg
g. forearm
external oblique
a. neck b. back
c. chest d. abdominal wall
e. shoulder f. upper arm
g. forearm h. buttocks
i. thigh j. leg
d. abdominal wall
deltoid
a. neck b. back
c. chest d. abdominal wall
e. shoulder f. upper arm
g. forearm h. buttocks
i. thigh j. leg
e. shoulder
sternocleidomstoid
a. neck b. back
c. chest d. abdominal wall
e. shoulder f. upper arm
g. forearm h. buttocks
i. thigh j. leg
a. neck
gastrocnemius
a. neck b. back
c. chest d. abdominal wall
e. shoulder f. upper arm
g. forearm h. buttocks
i. thigh j. leg
j. leg
draw(s) the eyebrows together, producing vertical wrinkles (frowning)
a. buccinator b. corrugator supercilii
c. epicranius d. orbicularis oculi
e. ptertgoid f. sternocleidomastoid
b. corrugator supercilii
causes sideways movement during mastication
a. buccinator b. corrugator supercilii
c. epicranius d. orbicularis oculi
e. ptertgoid f. sternocleidomastoid
e. pterygoid
creates smile expression
a. buccinator b. corrugator supercilii
c. epicranius d. orbicularis oculi
e. ptertgoid f. sternocleidomastoid
a. bucinator
raise(s) the eyebrows (surprise)
a. buccinator b. corrugator supercilii
c. epicranius d. orbicularis oculi
e. ptertgoid f. sternocleidomastoid
c. epiranius
flex(es) the head (prayer muscle)
a. buccinator b. corrugator supercilii
c. epicranius d. orbicularis oculi
e. ptertgoid f. sternocleidomastoid
f. sternocleidomastoid
close(s) the eye
a. buccinator b. corrugator supercilii
c. epicranius d. orbicularis oculi
e. ptertgoid f. sternocleidomastoid
d. orbicularis oculi
True or False
A triad consists of a T-tubule sandwiched between sacs of the sarcoplamic reticulum
True
The chief function of the T-tubles is to:
B. allow for electrical signals to move deepter into the cell
True or False
Actin, troponin, and tropomyosin are present on the thick myofilament
False
True or False
When the sarcomere contracts, the I-bands become smaller
True
True or False
The difference between red and white fibers is the amount of glycogen
False
Bundles of fine fibers that extend lengthwise along muscle fibers are called:
B. myofibrils
Thick myofilaments extend the length of the:
A. a-band
The neurotransmitter(s) secreted at the motor end plates of skeletal muscles is/are:
C. acetylcholine
The first event to occure in mucle relaxation is:
A. the sarcoplasmic reticulum begins actively pumping calsium back into its sacs
All of the following are true cahracteristics of an isometric contraction except:
C. movement is produced
protien that has active sites for corss-bridge heads
a, troponin b. myosin
c. actin d. T-tubules
e. ATP f. calcium
g. cross-bridges
h. tropomyosin i acetylcholine
c. actin
by energizing these structures, chemical energy is converted to mechanical energy
a, troponin b. myosin
c. actin d. T-tubules
e. ATP f. calcium
g. cross-bridges
h. tropomyosin i acetylcholine
g. cross bridges
the stimulus to contract the muscle is carried inside the muscle by this structure
a, troponin b. myosin
c. actin d. T-tubules
e. ATP f. calcium
g. cross-bridges
h. tropomyosin i acetylcholine
d. T-tubules
protein that directly prevents the formation of cross-bridges in the sarcomere
a, troponin b. myosin
c. actin d. T-tubules
e. ATP f. calcium
g. cross-bridges
h. tropomyosin i acetylcholine
h. tropomyosin
Chemical released by the motor neuron that initiates the stimulus for a muscle contraction
a, troponin b. myosin
c. actin d. T-tubules
e. ATP f. calcium
g. cross-bridges
h. tropomyosin i acetylcholine
i. acetylcholine
muscle contraction compound that supplies the energy
a, troponin b. myosin
c. actin d. T-tubules
e. ATP f. calcium
g. cross-bridges
h. tropomyosin i acetylcholine
e. ATP
ion that is released by the sarcoplasmic reticulum
a, troponin b. myosin
c. actin d. T-tubules
e. ATP f. calcium
g. cross-bridges
h. tropomyosin i acetylcholine
f. calcium
protein that has cross-bridge heads that pull on the thin fiber
a, troponin b. myosin
c. actin d. T-tubules
e. ATP f. calcium
g. cross-bridges
h. tropomyosin i acetylcholine
b. myosin
protein that has receptor sites for an ion that causes it to change shape and pull another protein away fromthe recepotor sites on the actin
a, troponin b. myosin
c. actin d. T-tubules
e. ATP f. calcium
g. cross-bridges
h. tropomyosin i acetylcholine
a. troponin
True or False
the afferent nervous system consists of all outgoing motor pathways
False
True or False
Ependymal cells engulf and destroy microbes and cellular debris in inflammed or degenerating brain tissue
False
True or False
Most injuries to the brain and spinal cord cause permanent damage
True
The part of the nervous system that transmits impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscle is the
C. somatic nervous system
the myelin sheath is formed by:
A. neuron cell bodies
Gray matter in the brain and spinal cord consists primarily of:
C. cell bodies
During a relative refractory periord:
C. the action potential can be initiated with a stron stimulus
A synaptic knob would be located on a(n):
C. axon
when an impulse reaches a synapse:
C. chemical transmitters are released
True or False
If a skeletal muscle moved, it would be responding to the somatic nervous system
True
consists of the brain and spinal cord
a. afferent division b. autonomic nervous system
c. central nervous system d. efferent division
e. parasympathetic div. f. peripheral nervous
g. somatic nervous h. sympathetic div
c. central nervous system
consists of nerves that lie in the periphery of the nervous system
a. afferent division b. autonomic nervous systemc. central nervous system d. efferent divisione. parasympathetic div. f. peripheral nervous
g. somatic nervous h. sympathetic div
f. peripheral nervous
PNS subdivision that transmits incoming information from the sensory organs to CNS
a. afferent division b. autonomic nervous system
c. central nervous system d. efferent division
e. parasympathetic div. f. peripheral nervous
g. somatic nervous h. sympathetic div
a. afferent
produces the fight or flight response
a. afferent division b. autonomic nervous system
c. central nervous system d. efferent division
e. parasympathetic div. f. peripheral nervous
g. somatic nervous h. sympathetic div
h. sympathetic
subdivision that carries information from the CNS to skeletal muscles
a. afferent division b. autonomic nervous system
c. central nervous system d. efferent division
e. parasympathetic div. f. peripheral nervous
g. somatic nervous h. sympathetic div
g. somtaic
subdivision of the efferent division that transmits information to smooth and cardic muscles & glands
a. afferent division b. autonomic nervous system
c. central nervous system d. efferent division
e. parasympathetic div. f. peripheral nervous
g. somatic nervous h. sympathetic div
b. autonomic
consists of all the outgoing motor pathways
a. afferent division b. autonomic nervous system
c. central nervous system d. efferent division
e. parasympathetic div. f. peripheral nervous
g. somatic nervous h. sympathetic div
d. efferent
sometimes called the rest and repair division
a. afferent division b. autonomic nervous system
c. central nervous system d. efferent division
e. parasympathetic div. f. peripheral nervous
g. somatic nervous h. sympathetic div
e. parasympathetic
True or False
The central nervous system includes all of the nervous system except the peripheral nervous system
True
True or False
Cerebrospinal fluid circulates in the subarachnoid space of the meninges
True
True or False
Peripheral motor neuron cell bodies are located in the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal nerves
False
True or False
The four large, fluid-filled spaces within the brain are called ventricles
True
The layers of the meninges that serves as the inner periosteum of the cranial bone is the:
B. dura mater
The innermost layer of the meninges is the:
B. pia mater
Cerebrospinal fluid is found in all of the following except the:
D. subdural space
If the ventral nerve root of a spinal nerve were destroyed, a person would lose:
B. will movement related to that pathway
The brainstem does not include the:
C. cerebellum
The cerebellum perfomrs all of the following functions except:
B. control skeletal muscle to maintain balance
when someone close to you dies, you feel a sens of sorrow among other emotions. Your ability to experience emotion is the result of the:
C. limbic system
William was recently involved in a serious car accident. As a result he has had difficulty controlling his skeletal muscles and maintaining his balance. What part of the nervous system was most likely damaged:
