-
scaffolding
more skilled learner helps less skilled learner
-
zone of proximal development
diff. between what a child can do alone and child can do with help of a teacher
-
temperment
behavioral charactereistic that fairly well established at birth
-
easy temperment
regular adaptable and happy
-
difficult temperment
irregular, non adaptable, irritable
-
slow to warm up temperment
need to adjust gradually to change
-
attachment
emotional bond b/w an infant and primary caregiver
-
secure attachment
- willing to explore
- upset when mother departs but easily soothed upon her return
-
avoidant
- unattached
- explore without "touching base"
-
ambivalent attachment
- insecurely attached
- upset when mother leaves and then angry with mothers upon her return
-
disorganized-disoriented attachment
- insecurely attached and sometimes abused or neglected
- seemed fearful
- dazed
- depressed
-
eriksons first four stages
- trust versus mistrust
- autonomy versus shame and doubt
- initiative versus guilt
- industry versus inferiority
-
trust versus mistrust
- first stage of personality developement
- infants
- result of consistent or inconsistent care
-
autonomy versus shame and doubt
- second state of personality development
- toddlers
- strive for physical independence
-
initiative versus guilt
- third stage of personality development
- preschool-aged child
- strives for emotional and psychological independence
- attempts to satisfy curiosity about the world
-
industry versus inferiority
- fourth stage of personality development
- adolescent
- sense of competence and self-esteem
-
gender
behavior associated with being male or female
-
gender identity
perception of ones gender and the behavior that is associated with that gender
-
adolescence
- 13-20
- no longer physically a child but is not yet an independence, self-supporting adult
-
puberty
- physical changes that occur in the body as sexual development reaches its peak
- (period of about 4 years)
-
personal fable
- (egocentric thinking)
- common in adolescents in which young ppl blieve themselves to be unique and protected from harm
-
imaginary audience
- (egocentric thinking
- comming to adolescents
- believe that other ppl are just as concerned about the adolescents thought and characteristics as they themselves are.
-
preconventional morality
- first level of kohlberg's stages of oaral development
- childs behavior is governed by the consequences of the behavior.
-
conventional morality
- second level of kohlbers stages or moral development
- childs behavior is governed by conforming to societys norms of behavior
-
postconventional morality
- third level of kohlbergs stages of moral development
- persons behavior is govered by moral principlesthat have been decided on by the indiidual and which may be in disagreement with aaccepted social norms
-
eriksons fifth stage
identity versus role confusion
-
identity versus role confusion
- fifth stage of eriksons personality development
- adolescent must find a consistent sense of self
-
climacterics
- ending at about age 50
- menopause
- cessation of ovulation, and menstrual cyles
- end womens reporductive capability
-
andropause
- gradula changes in sexual hormones and reproductive system of males
- increase in health problems
- decrease reaction time
- stability in intelligence and memory
-
eriksons last three stages
- intimacy
- generativity
- integrity
-
intimacy, eriksons last 3 stages
- an emotional and psychological closeness
- based on ability to trust
- share
- care
- while maintianing sense of self
-
generativity, eriksons last 3 stages
- providing guidance to ones children or next genration
- contributing to the well-being of the next generation through career or voluneer work
-
integrity, erikons last 3 stages
- sense of wholeness that comes from having lived a full life and the ability to let go of regrets
- final completion of ego
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