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Periodic Sentence
- presents central meaning in a main clause at end
- independent clause preceded by a phrase or clause that cant stand alone
- effect is to add emphasis and structural variety
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Personification
- figure of speech
- author presents/describes concepts, animals, or inanimate objects by giving them human attributes/emotions
- used to make abstractions, animals, or objects appear more vivid to the reader
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Pont of View
perspective from which a story is told
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First-Person Narrator
- tells story with the first-person pronoun "I"-is a character in the story
- this narrator can be the protagonist, a participant, or an observer
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Third-Person Narrator
relates the events with the third-person pronouns: "he", "she", and "it"
Omniscient: presents the thoughts and actions of any or all characters; can reveal what each character feels and thinks at any given moment
Limited Omniscient: presents feelings and thoughts of only one character, and only the actions of all remaining characters
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Predicate Adjectives
- one type of subject compliment- an adjective, group of adjectives, or adjective clause that follows a linking verb
- in the predicate of the sentence
- modifies/describes the subject
- "my boyfriend is tall, dark, and handsome"
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Predicate Nominative
- second type of subject complement- a noun, group of nouns, or noun clause that renames the subject
- follows a linking verb
- located in the predicate of the sentence
- "Abe Lincoln was a man of integrity"
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Prose
- major divisions of genre
- refers to fiction and nonfiction, including all its forms because they are written in ordinary language and most closely resemble everyday speech
- anything that is not drama or poetry is prose
- prose writers often borrow poetic and dramatic elements
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Repetition
- duplication of either exact or approximate of any language, such as a sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence, or grammatical pattern
- when poorly done it sounds boring
- when done right it links and emphasizes ideas while allowing the reader the comfort of recognizing something familiar
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Rhetoric
- from greek "orator"
- principles governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently, and persuasively
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Rhetorical Appeal
persuasive device by which a writer tries to sway the audience's attention and response to any given work
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Logos
- logical reasoning
- combining logical ideas with well thought out and appropriate examples and details
- supports are logically presented and rationally reach the writer's conclusion
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Ethos
- establishes creditability in the speaker
- "ethos"-common attitudes, beliefs, and characteristics of a group or time period
- sets up believability in the writer
- can be trusted and is concerned with the reader's best interests
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Pathos
emotions and interests
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Rhetorical Modes
- flexible term
- describes the variety, the conversations, and the purposes of the major kinds of writing
- sometimes referred to as modes of discourse
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Exposition
- expository writing
- explain and analyze information by presenting an idea, relevant evidence, and appropriate discussion
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Argumentation
- to prove the validity of an idea, or point of view by presenting sound reasoning, thoughtful discussion, and insightful argument that thoroughly convinces the reader
- type of argumentation having the additional aim of forming some form of action
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Description
- to recreate, invent, or visually present a person, place, event, or action so that the reader can picture that being described
- author engages all 5 senses in description
- good descriptive writing can be sensuous and picturesque
- may be straightforward and objective or highly emotional and subjective
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Narration
- to tell a story or narrate an event or series of events
- uses the tools of descriptive writing
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Rhetorical Question
- asked for effect and does not expect a reply
- answer is assumed
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