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Review: "SA-VE VA, SA-VE VA-SE"
- Add 3 S's, & 4 G's.
- 251-5303.
- Add 7, 9, 10 to the middle rows.
- Finish the ends.
- SSA: vision, hearing, balance.
- SVE: chewing, facial expression, & throat muscles.
- SVA: smell, taste.
- GSA: sensation from face & ears.
- GVE:
- GVA: chemo & baroreceptors.
- GSE: moves eyes & tongue.
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I: Olfactory.
II: Optic.
III: Occulomotor.
IV: Trochlear.
V: Trigeminal.
VI: Abducens.
VII: Facial.
VIII: Auditory (Vestibulocochlear).
IX: Glassopharyngeal.
X: Vagus.
XI: Spinal Accessory.
XII: Hypoglossal.
- Some
- Say
- Marry
- Money
- But
- My
- Brother
- Says
- Big
- Boobs
- Matter
- Most
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PARASYMPATHETIC N.S.
- "Rest & Digest"
- "Visceral N.S."
- "Cranial Sacral System"
- -Long preganglionic fibers.
- -Short postganglionic fibers because the ganglia are close to the target.
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Occulomotor N (III):
- -Innervates ciliary muscles.
- -Constricts pupils.
- -Ciliary ganglia: postganglionic.
- -Edinger Westphal Nucleus: preganglionic... GVE.
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Facial N (VII):
- Pterygopalatine ganglia: postganglionic.
- Superior salivatory ganglia: preganglionic.
- Pterygopalatine ganglia:
- -Innervates: Lacrimal Gland.
- Submandibular ganglia:
- -Innervates: submandibular gland & sublingual gland.
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Vagus N (X):
- Dorsal motor nucleus of Vagus: parasympathetic innervation to visceral organs.
- -Terminal ganglia of organs: respiratory, digestive, heart, liver, kidney.
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SYMPATHETIC N.S.
- "Fight or Flight"
- "Thoracolumbar"
(T1-L3).Uses energy.- Regulates blood vessels.
Dorsal rami only have postganglionic fibers. - -Short pregang.
- -Long postgang.
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Where are preganglionic cells located in the sympathetic N.S?
The lateral horn (T1-L2ish).
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Ganglion impar:
- End of paravertebral ganglion.
- Where the two sides of sympathetic ganglia join near the coccyx.
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Rami communicantes:
- White: myelenated, pregang, BIG.
- Gray: unmyelenated, postgang.
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Splanchnic Nerves: associated with collateral ganglia.
"Pre-vertebral ganglia."
- Greater: T5-9.
- -To celiac ganglia.
- Lesser: (T9) T10-T11... from ventral levels.
- -To superior mesenteric ganglia.
- Least: T12.
- -To inferior mesenteric ganglia.
- Lumbar: L1-L3.
- -Creates hypogastric plexus.
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Transmitters:
- Preganglionic: cholinergic (Ach).
- Postganglionic:
- -Sympathetic: noradrenergic (NorEpi).
- -Parasympathetic: cholinergic (Ach).
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Adrenal medulla:
- Derived from neural crest cells (along with the rest of the PNS).
- Innervated by pelvic splanchnic nerves.
- Secretes transmitters into the blood stream.
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Pain afferents:
- Pure visceral: where the organ hurts.
- Referred visceral: organ hurts as well as areas of the body that share the same spinal nerve.
- Viscerosomatic: pain in muscle overlying inflammation.
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Cranial Nerves:
- Olfactory Nerve (I): from tenencephalon.
- Optic Nerve (II): from diencephalon.
- Abducens Nerve (VI): extraocclear nerve from pons (pontopyramidal junction).
- Pontomedullary junction: Facial (VII) & Vestibulocochlear (VIII).
- Behind olive: Glassopharyngeal (IX), Vagus (X), Spinal Accessory (XI).
- Between olive & pyramid: Hypoglossal (XII).
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What do SVA fibers allow us to do?
(functional component)
Smell & taste.
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"Special" means that the structures were derived from where?
Pharyngeal (brachial) arches.
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Olfactory system:
- Differs from other sensory systems.
- Nontropographical.
- Receptors are epithelia.
- Replaced every 2 months (1-3 months).
- Found on superior concha & superior part of septum.
- Ethmoid bones form wall.
- Bowman's gland secretes mucus to allow for diffusion of chemicals.
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The olfactory filum goes through which structure?
Cribiform plate.
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What is the main output of the olfactory bulb?
Mitral cells.
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What types of axons make up the olfactory tract?
Mitral cell axons.
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What is the white part of the eye?
- The sclera.
- Serves as attachment site for muscles.
- In the outermost layer along with the cornea.
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The optic disc is also known as what?
- Blind spot.
- Where the axons of ganglion cells come together to form the optic nerve.
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Do rods need light to work?
- No.
- Responds to shapes and movement.
- (cones do need light to work).
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What is the name of the area with the heaviest concentration of cones?
- Fovea centralis.
- (Most numerous at the middle).
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What 3 things is the lateral geniculate body responsible for?
- 1. Eye movement.
- 2. Pupillary light reflex.
- 3. Suprachiasmatic nucleus.
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Which nerve is under control of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus & the ciliary ganglion?
- The occulomotor nerve (CN III).
- -Pupillary light reflex.
- -Accomodation (focus) reflex.
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Which ganglion controls the pupillary light reflex?
Cilliary ganglion.
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Which nerve exits the brainstem caudal to the inferior colliculus?
The trochlear nerve (CN IV).
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Which nerves exit through the superior orbital fissure?
The extraocular nerves: occulomotor (III), trochlear (IV), abducens (VI).
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