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What are the minimum soil depths for permitting a shallow conventional, LPP, and mound system in group I and IV soils?
- 24/30,
- 20/20,
- 18” ss and
- 12”+ SHWT
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Wetlands on farms are regulated by ________?
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Natural Resources Conservation Service
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How do Division of coastal management representatives determine if a property contains wetlands?
the plants
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A property (or portion of property) contains wetland plants when greater than ______ % of plants are OBL, FACW or FAC
50%
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Obligate wetland plants occur in wetlands _____ percent of time
more than 99%
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Facultative wetland plants usually occur in wetland ___ to ____ % of the time
67 - 99
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List two examples of secondary indicators of wetland hydrology
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Oxidized rhizosphere in upper 12” of living roots, water stained leaves, soil survey data, FAC neutral test (greater than 50% of dominant non-FAC plants are wetter than FAC)
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List two examples of primary indicators of wetland hydrology
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Visual observation of inundation,
- saturation within 6-12”,
- water marks,
- drift lines, s
- ediment deposits,
- drainage patterns
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Name two federal and two state agencies that regulate wetlands
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US EPA,
- Army Corps of Engineers,
- Natural Resources Conservation Service;
- NC Division of Water Quality,
- NC Division of Coastal Management
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What is the difference between wetland restoration and wetland creation?
Wetland restoration is the ones that were wetlands and and wetland creations were not.
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List three examples of major anthropogenic (man caused) wetland destruction/alterations
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1) Deforestation/filling/draining for construction
- 2) Clearing/draining for agriculture
- 3) Urban stormwater runoff and eutrophication
- 4) Wastewater loading and eutrophication
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List four common wetland communities in NC
- bottomland hardwood forest,
- swap forest,
- shrub forest
- marshes
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What % of the US population lives in coastal areas?
50%
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List 4 reasons wetlands are important?
- rare species habitat
- tourism
- remove nutrients
- carbon
- Stores flood waters
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Wetlands account for what % of land area in lower 48 states, what % of NC?
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Wetlands must have what three things:
Soil, Wetland Hydrology, Wetland vegetation
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Low chroma colors are indicative of what limiting condition?
Seasonal High Water Table
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What are two unsuitable landscape positions
Wetlands, Sloap more than 65%, depressions
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List two soil types for each soil group
- Sand, Loamy Sand
- Sandy Loam, Loam
- Sandy Clay Loam, Silt, Silty Clay Loam
- Clay, Silty Clay
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How far must on-site systems be from a stream, swimming pool, and property line?
- 50 to 100 to a stream,
- 15 to a pool
- 10 to a property line
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If the soil in question 19 was a group IV instead of group III and was 20” deep, what system would you recommend and why?
LPP because if it was a group 4 instead of a group 3, the space needed for the .1 loading rate would be massive
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If the limiting condition for the site in question 18 was 20” what other option would you have, and would you recommend it - why/why not?
you could have an LPP system because it would lower the space needed, however LPP needs to be maintained so it can become expensive
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If you perform a soil evaluation and determine that the limiting condition is 19”, and the soil is a group III, what system type and application rate would you suggest?
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You just graduated and are now working with a county health department ( I told you someone in class would do this), you just completed a soil evaluation for a permit applicant. The soil was 36” deep to low chroma colors and the soil between 24” and 36” would produce a ribbon 2.5” long, and had a smooth feel. What texture and soil group was this sample?
Silty Clay group 4
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If you have a soil with a 0.5 g/d/ft2 LTAR and a 3 BR house, how much FT2 will a conventional system require? What if you use a chamber?
720 ft^2
25% reduction so multiply by 75%
540ft2
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What are the benefits of using an LPP?
better distribution, 25-30% less space, soil depth less than usual
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What are the benefit of using a chamber and polystyrene relative to a conventional?
25% reducion in space, easier to install
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List 4 types of septic systems?
LPP, Shallow Conventional, Mound, Conventional
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What is the design flow for a 2 BR, 3 BR and 4 BR?
240, 360, 480
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What does LTAR stand for?
Long Term Loading Rate
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______ clays are suitable for on-site systems, while ______ clays are unsuitable
Kaolonitic, montmorillonitic
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three examples of unsuitable soil structure
- Angular blocky
- Massive
- Prismatic
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What method is used in the field to determine soil partical size distribution and soil group status?
texture by feel
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two physical, chemical and biological treatment mechanisms in soil
- physical - Filtration, dispursion
- Chemical- evaporation, cat ion exchange
- Biological - Nitrification, Oxidation
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List the four major components of an on-site wastewater systems and describe what each component does
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1) Septic tank- settling tank, removes solids, dissipates energy, digests organic matter, converts ON to NH4
- 2) Distribution device- distributes wastewater to drainfield trenches
- 3) Drainfield trenches- stores wastewater until wastewater infiltrates soil
- 4) Soil- provides physical, chemical and biological treatment of wastewater
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What are average septic effluent concentrations of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and fecal coliform?
- 26-75 - total nitrogen
- 6-12 - total p
- 10^8 - fecal coliform
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How many on-site systems are installed each year?
30,000 to 40,000
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What % of the US and NC population uses on-site wastewater systems?
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