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What are the functions of the kidney?
- Excrete most of the end products of body metabolism
- Control the concentration of most of the constituents of body fluid, a constant blood volume and amounts of solutes in the blood
- Maintain the pressure of blood flow
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Agents Affecting the Proximal Tubule
Acetazolamide (Diamox?): emergency situation, pressure in the eye
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Agents Affecting the Loop of Henle
Furosemide (Lasix?): oral
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Agents Affecting the Distal Tubule
- Hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril?, Dyazide?, Maxzide?)
- Triamterene (Dyazide?, Maxzide?)
- Metolazone (Zaroxolyn?)
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Side effects of Diuretic
- Orthostatic Hypotension: older people tends to have more
- Hyperglycemia
- Potassium Loss
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What is spironolactone?
- Spironolactone (Aldactone?)
- Aldosterone Antagonist, Aldosterone causes Na and fluid retention.
- used in conjunction with other diuretics to prevent potassium loss.
- Few side effects, mainly elevated potassium levels.
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What is triamterene?
- Dyazide?, Maxzide?
- Acts directly on the distal convoluted tubules to cause diuresis while inhibiting potassium excretion.
- used in conjunction with other diuretics to prevent potassium loss.
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How do ACE inhibitors work? What conditions are they used to treat?
- Hypertension
- Congestive Heart Failure
- Post MI
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How do ARB��s work? What conditions are they used to treat?
- Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists
- Hypertension
- Congestive Heart Failure
- Post MI
- Diabetic nephropathy
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How do direct rennin inhibitors work?
- impacts the rennin/angiotensin system.
- Aliskiren (Tekturna?): Hypertension
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Patients taking which of the following drugs might also need to take a potassium supplement? Furosemide? Hydrochlorothiazide? Maxzide or Dyazide? Spironolactone? ACE Inhibitors? Angiotensin II Antagonists? Direct Renin Inhibitors?
- Dyazide?, Maxzide?: Hyperkalemia
- ACE Inhibitors: Hyperkalemia
- ARB��s : has little effect on potassium concentrations.
- Aliskiren (Tekturna?): Hyperkalemia
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