Chapter7Vitamins

the daily intake that meets the needs of almost all healthy individuals in a specified group

the basis for developing the RDA, is the intake that meets the needs of half of the individuals in the reference population

a guideline used when not enough scientific data are available to establish an RDA

a new guideline that sets the maximum nutrient intake that is unlikely to pose a risk of toxicity in healthy individuals

largely discovered while searching for cures for classic diseases to be associated with dietary deficiences.

a hemorrhagic disease characterized by bleeding in joints and other tissues and by the breakdown of fragile capillaries under normal BP.

1906- Dr. Frederich Hopkins of Cambridge University, group of rats a synthetic mixture of protein, fat, carbohydrate, mineral salts and water. All became ill and died.

Most discovered during first half of 1900s-vitamin-vital amine...

• 1. It must be a vital, organic substance that is not a carb, fat, or protein and must be necessary in only extremely small amts.
• 2. It cannot be manufactured by the body in sufficient quantities to sustain life, so it must be supplied by the diet.

• 1. components of coenzymes
• 2. antioxidants
• 3. hormones that affect gene expression
• 4. a component of cell membranes
• 5. a component of the light sensitive rhodopsin molecule in the the eyes Vit.A

gluelike in its capacity to add tensile strength to body structures.

means without scurvy

intestinal cells absorb fat soluble vitamins with fat and incorporate both the fat and fat soluble vitamins into chylomicrons

intestinal cells easily absorb water soluble vitamins.

• Functions in the body
• a. vision
• b. tissue strength and immunity- help maintain healthy epithelial tissue
• c. growth- retinoic acid and retinol

• 1. preformed A or provitamin A
• 2. its storage in the body

• 1. preformed vitamin A or retinol is the active vitamin found in foods derived from animals.
• 2. Provitamin A or beta carotene, is a pigment in yellow, orange, and deep green fruits or vegetables that the human body can convert to retinol.

the chemical name of Vitmain A.

organic pigments found in the plant

a group name for three red and yellow pigments found in dark green and yellow vegetables and fruit.

• can store large amts of retinol.
• 1. healthy- liver stores more than 50% of ingested retinol and contains approx. 90% of the bodys total store.

• 1. Xerosis - itching, burning and red inflamed eyelids
• 2. Xerophthalmia or blindess caused by severe

condition created by ecessive vitamin a intake, includes joint pain, thickening of long bones, loss of hair, and jaundice.

fish liver oils, egg yolk, butter and cream

unstable when exposed to heat and oxygen.