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Capsule definition
Gelatin capsule filled with medicine to produce a "unit dose"
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Soft gelatin capsules are usually filled with
liquid
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Hard gelatin caps are usually filled with
powders, but could be NON AQUEOUS LIQUIDS!!!
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Advantages of hard gelatin
- Great versatility
- Protect/mask ingredients within
- patient acceptance
- Enteric coating
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Disadvantages of hard gel cap
- Moisture can alter capsule or drug
- Succeptible to tampering
- possible esophageal adhesion
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Steps for making capsules
- 1. fll with empty capsules
- 2. orient capsules
- 3. powder filling
- 4. close cap
- 5. done
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Gelatin is made mainly from collagen which comes from these 3 animals
Cows, pigs, and fish
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3 important thigns about gelatins
- non toxic
- dissolve in bodily fluids and body temp
- forms a good film
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Water content in gelatin is about
12-16%
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Colorants/opacifiers are used to help ____ the capsule and help ____ the drug.
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Examples of colorants and opacifiers
- Colorant: iron oxide
- Opacifier: titanium dioxide
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Fill weight of capsules is based on
Density
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Capsule fill weight= tapped bulk _____ X Capsule _____
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T/F the larger the capsule the higher the number
False, lower
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Diluents act as ____ to make up required bulk
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Glidants reduce interparticulate friction by filling spaces and improve particle ___.
- Flow
- (Talc, silicone dioxide)
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Lubricants reduce particle to metal _____.
- Adhesion
- (magnesium stearate, dimethicone)
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Disintegrants ... obvious but they promote____
- Disintegration
- (pregelatiinized starch, starch glycolate)
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T/F Hydrophobic diluents can significant increase drug dispersion and dissolution rate of poorly soluble/ hydrophobic drugs.
False, hydrophillic diluents
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Factors impacting dissolution from capsules
- Diluents
- Packing density
- Particle size
- Lubricant
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Examples of locking/sealing are
- Dimples
- Grooves
- spot welding
- fusion
- Band
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Advantages of soft gel
- Good alternative for liquid drugs
- high precision per fill
- improve bioavailabilty
- improve elegance
- relatively tamperproof
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disadvantages of soft gel
- drug migration to shell
- limited to liquid
- limited number of firms? NOT NO MORE!!!
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Capsules appear hard due to
turgor pressure
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Composition of soft gel
- Gelatin
- Plasticizer (obtain softness and flexibility)
- colorants/opacifiers
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Contents of soft gel
- Water imicible liquids (veg. oil)
- Water miscible liquids (low MW PEGs, glycerin, propylene glycol)
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