The amount of information that can be retained is known as?
Capacity
The length of time which it can be retained is known as?
Duration
TEXTBOOK STAGES OF MEMORY
Sensory, short term and long term memory
What is the capacity and duration of Sensory Memory?
Great deal of Info
Seconds
Capacity and Duration of Short term memory?
Limited Capacity
30 seconds
Capacity and duration of Long Term Memory
Unlimited
Life time
capacity and duration of the practical viewpoint of immediate recall?
Miller's 7+/-2
Seconds
Capacity and duration of the practical view point of short term recall?
Shortlist or Paragraph
Min to Hrs
capacity and duration of the practical view point of Long term recall
unlimited
lifetime
Methods of Facilitating memory?
Maintenance rehersal
Elaborative rehersal
Chunking
What is maintenance rehersal?
repeating the information over and over
What is elaborative rehearsal?
an encoding strategy based on the meaning of the material
What are methods of elaboratove rehearsal?
Forming connections between the information on STH and the info in LTM
Use of Mnemonic- story or acronyms
Visual Imagery
Chunking
Self Reference- personalize the story or image
When given a series of letters such as VCRFBICIAUSSR, and commit them to memory as VCR FBI CIA USSR. This technique is considered?
Chunking
What is primacy a part of and what does it mean?
Means a person is likely to remember the first item on a list
Part of the Serial Position Effect
What are the types of memory, and what do they mean?
Episodic: Autobiographical
Sematic: Words
Procedural: Operations
What does short term memory include?
Central Executive
Phonological Loop
Visuospatial Sketch Pad
What does the central executive of short term memory responsible for?
Directs attention to different parts fo the problem
What is the Phonological Loop of Short Term Memory responsible for?
processes phonetic or sound qualities of the memory
What is the Visuospatial sketch pad in Short term Memory responsible for?
visual aspects of the information
The idea that it is easiest to remember information in the same setting in which we learned it pertains to?
The context Effect
Remembering information consistent with out mood is known as?
Mood Congruence
what forgetting aspect is related to immediate reacall?
Decay
What forgetting aspects is related the Short term memory?
Proactive Interference and Retroactive Interference
Proactive Inteference means?
older memories inhibit the recall of newer memories
Retroactive Interference Mean?
New information inhibits the retrival of old information
What aspect of forgetting is LTM associated with?
Repression
Tip of the tounge
True or False
Mass Practice (Cramming) is less effective than the same amount of time distributedover many practice sessions?
true
Ebbinghause
Forgetting Curve
What factors are we dependant on to forget?
How deeply we process things
How often it is rehearsed
How much newly learned material is retained after 20 min?
60%
who is affiliated with eyewtiness testimony?
Elizabeth Loftus
Can memories be altered by the way a questioned is asked?
True
Who searched for the engram (memory trace), and what is involved with it?
Karl Lashley
specific changes in the brain are associated with each memory, so engram should me localized
Memory for a complex behaviors is dictrubuted throught out the brain
Karl Lashley
discovered localization for classically conditioned learning, and very simeple memories are localized to a single area... The Cerebellum
Richard Thompsom
Examined the neuron and its role in memory traces
used Aplysia (snail with large neurons)
Discovered changes in neurons: more dendrites, more synapses.
A cell circuit is formed firing one cell in a circuit results in all cells firing, memory occurs
Eric Kendel
Memory loss resulting from brain damage
Amnesia
Retrgrade Amnesia
Backwards acting
Not being able to recall LTM
Ex: Can't remember events before a head injury
Anterograde Amnesia
Foward acting
Cant store new memories in LTM
Ex: Cant store new memories after the head inury
Considered to not be true amnesia, caused by psychological factors not brain injury, results in identity
Psychogenic
Frontal cortes right hemisphere
sequnces of behavior
Frontal cortex left hemisphere
verbal memory
temporal Lobe
long term storage
Amygdala
how we feel about things
Cerebellum
classicall conditioned learning
Hippocampus
transfer memory from short term to long term
Intelligence
Global capacity to think rationally, act purposely, cope effectively with the enviroment
Created the useful test of intelligence, and the basis for all subsequent IQ test
Alfred Binet
questions on a test range from easy to hard
scale
Age equivalent of a given child based on his success on the scale
Mental Age
Used for placement
Mental Age
translated and adapted binet's scale creating the stanford binet intelligence test
Lewis Terman
Stanford Binet Intelligence Test
Standard in the field against which all other IQ test are compared
Average
100
Above Average
120
Below Average
80
The two factor theory: General Intellidence and Specific Mental Abilities
Charles Spearman
Lewis Thrustone
Propose 7 primary Mental Abilites
Intelligence is not unitary
7 Primary Mental Abilities
Verbal Comprehension
Word Fluency
Number Facility
Spatial Visualization
Associative Memory
Perceptual Speed
Reasoning
Multiple intelligence
we posses different types of intelligence instead of an over all level
