Political Science

House and Senate committees that appropriate or allocate specific funding levels to each government program or activity

House and Senate committees that develop or authorize particular policies or programs through legislations

Committees composed of members of the House and Senate charged to resolve differences between the House and Senate versions of the bill

Congressional committees mad up of members of both the House and the Senate and assigned to study a particular topic.

Temporary committees of the Congress that go out of business once they complete their work or at the end of each Congress unless specifically renewed.

Permanent committees of the Congress enjoying fixed jurisdiction and continuing automatically from one Congress to the next.

The norm that encourages Congress members to specialize and develop expertise in the subject matter covered by their committee assignments.

Congressional norm promising that if members respect the views and expertise of members of other committees , their committee expertise will be respected as well.

The norm that holds tha the member of a congressional committee with the longest continuous service on the committee shall be its chair.

A view of representation that says representation should listen to their constituents but use their own expertise and judgment to make decisions about public issues

A view of representation that sees the representatives principal role as reflecting the view and protecting the interests of his or her own constituents.

A view of representation that sees representatives following constituent opinion when that is clear and his or her own judgment or political interest when constituency opinion is amorphous or divided

The idea that the lawmaking authority in government should be supreme over the executive and judicial powers

The Specifically listed or enumerated powers of the Congress found in Article 1 section 8 of the Constitution.

Congressional powers not specifically mentioned among the enumerated powers but which are reasonable and necessary to accomplish an enumerated end or activity

Powers accruing to all sovereign nations, whether or not specified in the Constitution, allowing executives to take all actions require to defend the nation and protect its interest.

it was ts the original legislation establishing the civil service system back in 1883

Passed in 1946 it is The single most important attempt by Congress to define the nature and process of bureaucratic decision making

Process of defining rules or standards that apply uniformly to classes of individuals, events, or activities.

Procedures designed to allow resolution of complex issues based on specific facts rather than general rules.

Legal tradition that envisions a complete and fully articulated legal system based on clear statutes that lay out legal principles and commands in plain language that citizens can understand and obey.

judge made law, as opposed to fa fully integrated legal code, developed over time as judges consider particular legal disputes and then future judges cite earlier decisions in resolving similar issues.

A judicial decisions that serves as a rule or guide for deciding later cases of a similar nature.

Prohibits certain actions and prescribes penalties for those who engage in the prohibited conduct

Law dealing primarily with relation between individuals, and organizations, as in marriage and family law, contracts, and property. Violations result more in judgments and fines than punishment as such.

Mandatory jurisdiction of the Supreme Court as laid out in Article III of the Constitution

Substantive area in which a higher court may hear cases appealed from a lower court

Originating act for the federal judiciary passed by the first Congress

Power of any federal court to hold any law or official act based on law to be unenforceable because it is in conflict with the Constitution.

Campaign reform legislation passed in 1971 the FCC is a five-member commission empowered to regulate the media in the public interest

Commonly known as McCain-Feingold the 2002 BCRA was the first major revision of camaign finance laws since the early 1970's

This decision declared provisions of the 1974 Federal Election Campaign Act limiting the amount that a candidate could contribute to their own campaign to be an unconstitutional limitation on free speech.

The Supreme Court upheld all major elements of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002, including those permitting regulation of "soft money" and 'Issue ads"