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X-linked inheritance
- Some genes that couse disorders are located on the X chromosome
- Any gene located on a sex chromosomes is called a sex-linked gene.
- Male more often affected by X-linked disease becuase they have only one X chromosome, women are protected becuase they will have the other gene functional on the second X chromosom.
- Red-green color blindness, hemophili(problem with blood clotting), muscular dystrophy.
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Recessive disorder
- meaning genetic disorder that will not exist in the presence of a functional allele.
- In females, one X is difective the other X has a non difective - no disorder
- In males, X has diffective gene, that has no pair and therefore disorder
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Autosomes
All the chromosomes other than the X and Y chromosomes.
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Autosomal recessivce disorder
- A recessive dysfunction related to an autosome.(any 22 autosomes)
- ex. sickle-cell anemia, albinism, cysctic fibrosis,
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Carrier
a person who does not suffer from a recessive genetic debilitation, but who carries an allele for it that can be passed along to offspring.
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Dominant disorder
- genetic conditions in which a single faulty allele can cause damage, even when a second, functional allele exists.
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Autosomal dominant disorder
- simply meaning a dominant genetic disorder caused by a faulty allele that lies on an autosomal chromosome.
- ex. Huntington disease
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Pedegree
- familial history intended to track genetic conditions. Diagram can detirmin wheater a condition is dominant or recessive, and X-linked or autosomal and probability for future inheritance.
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Polyploidy
condition in which one or more entire sets of chromosomes has been added to teh genome of a diploid organism. Uncomon, egg doesn't servive
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Aneuploidy
- is one in which an organism has either more or fewer chromosomes than normally exist in its species' full set. Gain or loss of a single chromosome. Very common, and mostly unrecognized (unnoticed miscarigs). Ebryos that seruvive aneuplody that have additional chromosomes 13,18, or 21 ex. Down syndrom - gain of additional chrom 21(3 copies of chrom 21)
- In somatic cells can happen at any age that lead to cancer.
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Nondisjunction
- a cause of aneuploidy. A failrue of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate during meiosis. Can occur either in meiosis I or II.
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