Chap 7 Terminology.txt

Responsible for exchange of O2 and CO2

Tasteless, colorless, odorless gas produced by body cells during the metabolic process

Tough, elastic connective tissue that is more rigid than ligaments but less dense than bone (tip of nose & outer ridge of ear)

Any hair like structure

Moving or spreading out of a substance at random, rather than by chemical reaction or application of external forces

State in which the regulatory mechanisms of the body maintain a constant internal environment

Moist tissue layer lining hollow organs and cavities of the body that open to the environment; also called mucosa

Tasteless, odorless, colorless gas essential for human respiration

Symbol that indicates the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance

Increasing acidic pH

neutral pH

Increasing alkalinity

Wall dividing two cavities, such as the nasal septum, which separates the two nostrils

Thin layer of tissue that covers internal body cavities, the cells of which secrete a fluid that keeps the membrane moist; also called serosa

• nasal cavity
• nasopharynx
• oropharynx
• laryngopharynx
• adenoids
• palatine tonsils
• larynx
• epiglottis
• trachea

• bronchi (singular bronchus)
• right lung/ left lung
• bronchioles
• alveoli (singular alveous)
• pulmonary capillaries
• mediastinum
• visceral pleura
• parietal pleura
• diaphragm

inhalation of air into lungs

exhalation of air out of lungs

receptors for the sense of smell

throat

adenoids

tonsils

two branches connected to the trachea; each going to a separate lung

tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles; they expand and contract with the inflow and outflow of air

the space between the right and left lungs

• Heart
• Aorta
• Esophagus
• Bronchi

a serous membrane covering the lobes of the lungs and folds over to line the walls of the thoracic cavity

the serous membrane that covers the lungs

the serous membrane that covers the walls of the thoracic cavity

the space betweent he visceral pleura and parietal pleura

assists in changing the volume of the thoracic cavity to produce the needed pressure differential for ventilation

breathing; helps regulate the pH of the blood by exchanging O2 and CO2 to maintain homeostasis

• pulmonary ventilation
• external respiration
• transport of respiratory gases
• internal respiration

medical specialty concerned with disorders of the respiratory system

physician who treats respiratory disorders

• cough (dry or productive)
• chest pain
• altered breathing patterns
• shortness of breath (SOB)
• cyanosis
• fever

difficult breathing

spasms in the bronchial passages

sudden and violent spasms in the bronchial passages

coughing episodes that produce large amounts of mucus

agents that loosen and break down mucus

medications that expand the bronchi by relaxing their smooth muscles

usual measures do not reverse the brochospasms

inflammation of the bronchi caused mainly by smoking and air pollution, but viruses and bacteria may also cause it

• swelling of the mucosa
• heavy productive cough
• commonly accom. by chest pain
• exercise intolerance
• wheezing
• SOB

bronchodilators and medications that aid in the removal of mucus and help to widen the air passages

decreased elasticity of the alveoli; they expand but are unable to contract to their original size.

• Nasopharynx
• Oropharynx
• Laryngopharynx

• adenoids (pharyngeal tonsils)
• palatine tonsils (tonsils)

an acute infectious respiratory viral disease

• a worldwide epidemic
• type A influenza
• occur about every 2-3 years

highly infectious

Geographical rather than worldwide

A mild flu; not associated with an epidemic

• fever, chills
• headache, myalgia
• loss of appetite

any abnormal fluid in the pleural cavity, the space between the visceral and parietal pleura

the listening of sounds made by organs of the body using a s tethoscope

the gentle tapping of the chest with the fingers and listening to the resultant sounds to determine the position, size or consistency of the underlying structures

a noninflammatory fluid that resembles serum but with slightly less protein

• Transudates
• Exudates

Usually high in protein and often contains blood and immune cells

• Serum (hydrothorax)
• Pus (empyema or pyothorax)
• Blood (hemothorax)
• Air (pneumothorax) (not considered a pleural effusion)

a communicable disease spread by droplets of respiratory secretions (droplet nuclei) from an infected individual when he/she coughs, laughs or sneezes

Any inflammatory disease of the lungs that may be caused by bacteria, viruses or fungi

Pneumonia caused by inhaling food or liquid

pneumonia affecting only one lobe of the lungs

spitting of blood

A hereditary disorder of the exocrine glands that cause the body to secrete extremely thick (viscous) mucus

Major infections that affect the entire body

Blood infection

• Cyanosis of the extremities (blueness)
• Nares (flaring of the nostrils)
• Tachypnea (rapid breathing)
• Intercostal retraction
• A characteristic grunt audible during exhilation

Excessive acidity of body fluids

Absence of the sense of smell

Temporary loss of breathing

Condition caused by insufficient intake of oxygen

Collapsed or airless state of the lung, which may be acute or chronic and affect all or part of a lung

Repeated breathing pattern characterized by fluctuation in the depth of respiration, first deeply, then shallow, then not at all

Ease with thich lung tissue can be stretched

Head cold; upper respiratory infection (URI)

Abnormal respiratory sound heard on auscultation, caused by exudates, spasms, hyperplasia or when air enters moisture-filled alveoli; also called rale

Common childhood condition involving inflammation of the larynx, trachea, bronchial passages and sometime lungs

Displacement of cartilage dividing the nostrils

Severe, life-threatening infection of the epiglottis and supraglottic structures that occurs most commonly in children between 2 and 12 years of age

• fever
• dysphagia
• inspiratory stridor
• severe respiratory distress

Nosebleed; nasal hemorrhage

Enlargement of the terminal phalanges of the fingers and toes, commonly associated with pulmonary disease

Deficiency of oxygen in the blood

Deficiency of oxygen in tissues

Acute infectious disease characterized by a cough that has a "whoop"

Inflammation of the pleural membrane characterized by a stabbing pain that is intensified by coughing or deep breathing; also called pleuritis

Disease caused by inhaling dust particles, including coal dust (anthracosis), stone dust (chalicosis), iron dust (siderosis) and asbetos particles (asbestosis)

Accumulation of extravascular fluid in lung tissues and alveoli, caused most commonly by heart failure

Blockage in an artery of the lungs caused by a mass of undissolved matter (such as a blood clot, tissue, air bubbles and bacteria)

Abnormal breath sound heard on auscultation

High-pitched, harsh, adventitious breath sound caused by a spasm or swelling of the larynx or an obstruction in the upper airway.

Completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently normal, healthy infant, usually less than 12 months of age; also called crib death

Whistling or sighing sound heard on auscultation that results from narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory passageway

• Asthma
• Croup
• Hay fever
• Obstructive emphysema
• Other obstructive respiratory conditions

Intradermal test of determine tuberculin sensitivity based on a positive reaction where the area around the test site becomes red and swollen

Noninvasive method of monitoring the percentage of hemoglobin (Hb) saturated with oxygen; also called pulse oximetry

Test of sleep cycles and stages using continuous recordings of brain waves (EEGs), electrical activity of muscles, eye movement (electro-oculogram), respiratory rate, blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation, heart rhythm and sometimes direct observation of the person during sleep using a video camera

Multiple tests used to evaluate the ability of the lungs to take in and expel air as well as perform gas exhange across the alveolocapillary membrane

Measurement of ventilatory ability by assessing lung capacity and flow, including the time necessary for exhaling the total volume of inhaled air

Visual examination of the bronchi using an endoscope (flexible fiberoptic or rigid) inserted through the mouth and trachea for direct viewing of structures or for projection on a monitor

Visual examination of the larynx to detect tumors, foreign bodies, nerve or structural injury or other abnormalities

Visual examination of the mediastinal structures including the heart, trachea, esophagus, bronchus, thymus, and lymph nodes

Test that measures partial pressure of oxygen (Po2), carbon dioxide (Pco2), pH (acidity or alkalinity), and bicarbonate level of an arterial blood sample.

Microbial test used to identify disease-causing organisms of the lower respiratory tract, especially those that cause pneumonias

Measurement of the amount of salt (sodium chloride) in sweat

Test used to identify pathogens, especially group A streptococci

Process of producing images using an x-ray passed t hrough the body or area and captured on a film

Images of the chest taken from anteroposterior (AP) projections, posteroanterior (PA) projection, lateral projection or a combination of these projections

• Rib fractures
• Lung diseases, including atelectatis, masses, pneumonia, and emphysema

Imaging procedure that gathers information about a specific organ or structure of the body. In some cases, small amounts of injected radionuclide (tracer) are used to enhance images

Nuclear scanning test primarily used to detect pulmonary emboli

Lung treatment using various techniques to deliver medication in mist form directly to the lungs or air passageways. Techniques include nebulizers, metered-dose inhalers (MDI's), and dry powder inhalers (DPI's)

Irrigating or washing out of an organ, stomach, bladder, bowel or body cavity with a stream of water or other fluid

Irrigation of the antrum (maxillary sinus) in chronic or nonresponsive sinusitis

Positioning a patient so that gravity aids in the drainage of secretions from the bronchi and lobes of the lungs

Excision of part of the pleura, usually parietal

Excision of a lung

Reconstructive surgery of the nose to correct deformities or for cosmetic puposes

Surgical repair of a deviated nasal septum usually performed when the septum is encroaching on the breathing passages or nasal structures

Surgical puncture and drainage of the pleural cavity; also called pleurocentesis or thoracocentesis

Surgical procedure in which an opening is made in the neck and into the trachea into which a breathing tube may be inserted