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Origin of T cells during development
Thymus
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Cytokines released by CD4/helper T cells
IL-4, IL-2
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Subset of CD4s that release proinflammatory cytokines
Th1 helper T cells
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Subset of CD4s that release anti-inflammatory cytokines
Th2 helper T cells
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T cells that regulate CD4 and CD8 cells
Suppressor T cells (CD8)
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T cells that recognize and attack nonself antigens
Cytotoxic T cells (CD8)
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Infection classes associated with defects in cell-mediated immunity
Viruses, TB
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Origin of B cells during development
Bone marrow
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Cytokine that stimulates B cells to become plasma cells
IL-4
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MHC class present on all nucleated cells, that activates CD8 cells
MHC class I
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MHC class present on B cells, dendrites, monocytes and APCs, that activates CD4 cells
MHC class II
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MHC class that binds virus proteins
MHC class I
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MHC class that binds bacterial proteins
MHC class II
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Common APC in skin
Macrophage
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Cells that do not require previous exposure or antigen presentation to kill
NK cells
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Initial Ab made after exposure to antigen. Largest antibody
IgM
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Most abundant antibody in body; can cross placenta
IgG
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Ab found in secretions, Peyers patches and breast milk; prevents microbial adherence
IgA
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Ab that is a membrane bound receptor on B cells that serves as an antigen receptor
IgD
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Ab that mediates allergic reactions and parasite infections
IgE
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Antibodies that are opsonins (2)
IgM, IgG
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Antibodies that fix complement (2)
IgM, IgG
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Region of antibody important for antigen recognition
Variable region
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Region of antibody important for recognition by PMNs and macrophages
Constant region
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Antibodies that have multiple binding sites to the antigen at multiple epitopes
Polyclonal antibodies
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Antibodies that have only one binding site to one epitope
Monoclonal antibodies
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Immediate hypersensitivity reaction; IgE mediated with release of histamine from mast and basophils
Type I hypersensitivity
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IgG or IgM reaction with cell-bound antigen
Type II hypersensitivity
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Examples of Type I hypersensitivity (3)
Bee stings, peanut allergy, hay fever
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Examples of Type II hypersensitivity (4)
ABO incompatibility, Graves, myasthenia gravis, ITP
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Immune complex deposition
Type III hypersensitivity
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Examples of type III hypersensitivity (3)
Serum sickness, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE
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Delayed-type hypersensitivity with antigen stimulation of previously sensitized T cells
Type IV hypersensitivity
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Examples of Type IV hypersensitivity (2)
TB test, contact dermatitis
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Major source of histamine in blood
Basophils
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Major source of histamine in tissue
Mast cells
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Primary lymphoid organs (3)
Liver, bone, thymus
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Secondary lymphoid organs (2)
Spleen, lymph nodes
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Cytokine that converts lymphocytes to lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells
IL-2
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Cytokine that converts lymphocytes into tumor-infiltrating cells
IL-2
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Tetanus prone wounds (6)
>6h old, contaminated, crush, burn, frostbite, missile injuries
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people who need tetanus toxoid
everyone (unless >3 doses given and <5 years since last dose)
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people who need tetanus globulin
those with tetanus prone wounds whose immunization status is unknown (or have not had immunization)
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