Chap 13 Terminology.txt

acting in opposition; mutually opposing

mineral salts (sodium, potassiu, and calcium) that carry an electrical charge in solution

hormone produced by pancreatic alpha cels that increases the blood glucose level by stimulating the liver to change stored glycogen (a starch form of sugar) to glucose

simple sugar that is the end product of carbohydrate digestion

relative constancy or balance in the internal environment of the body, maintained by processes of feedback and adjustment in response to external or internal changes

chemical substances produced by specialized cells of the body that are released slowly in minute amounts directly into the bloodstream

hormone produced by pancreatic beta cells that acts to remove sugar (glucose) from the blood by promoting its storage in tissues as carbohydrates

agent that mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system

structure, organ, or tissue to which something is directed

chronic metabolic disorder characterized by a gradual, marked enlargement and thickening of the bones of the face and jaw

increased formation and secretion of urine

hormone secreted by the pancreatic alpha cells

simple sugar that is the end product of carbohydrate digestion

presence of glucose in the urine or abnormal amount of sugar in the urine

multisystem autoimmune disorder characterized by pronounced hyperthyroidism usually associated with enlarged thyroid gland and exophthalmos (abnormal protrusion of the eyeball)

excessive distribution of body hair, especially in women

excessive amount of calcium in the blood

excessive amount of potassium in the blood

abnormal increase in the volume of circulating fluid (plasma) in the body

abnormal condition of low sodium in the blood

tumor of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas

excessive accumulation of fat that exceeds the body's skeletal and physical standards, usually an increase of 20 percent or more above ideal weight

body mass index (BMI) of 40 or greater, which is generally 100 or more pounds over ideal body weight

total pituitary impairment that brings about a progressive and general loss of hormonal activity

small chromaffin cell tumor, usually located in the adrenal medulla

crisis of uncontrolled hyperthyroidism caused by the release into the bloodstream of increased amount of thyroid hormone; also called thyroid crisis or thyrotoxic crisis

masculine or having characteristics of a man

masculinization in a woman or development of male secondary sex characteristics in the woman

test that measures the degree of forward displacement of the eyeball (exophthalmos) as seen in Graves disease

test that measures blood glucose levels after a 12 hour fast

test that measures the body's ability to metabolize carbohydrates by administering a standard dose of glucose and measuring glucose levels in the blood and urine at regular intervals

test that determines insulin levels in serum (blood) by administering insulin and measuring blood glucose levels in blood at regular intervals

• test that measures the concentration of thyroxine in a blood sample
• providesan index of thyroid activity

test that detects an increase or decrease in thyroid function

test that measures calcdium to detect bone and parathyroid disorders

noninvasive imaging technique that uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field rather than an x-ray beam to produce multiplanar cross-sectional images

administration of radioactive iodine (RAI) orally or intravenously (IV) as a tracer to test how quickly the thyroid gland takes up (uptake) iodine from the blood

after injection of a radioactive substance, a scanner detects radioactivity and visualizes the thyroid gland

microdissection of a tumor using a binocular surgical microscope for magnification

excision of one or more of the parathyroid glands, usually to control hyperparathyroidism

removal of the pineal body

excision of the thymus gland

excision of the thyroid gland

method of choice for removing a fibrous, nodular thyroid

removal of most of the thyroid to relieve hyperthyroidism

reduce or control excretion of urine

• TRADE: vasopressin
• Pitressin
• Pressyn

treat hyperthyroidism by impeding the formation of T3 and T4 hormone

• 1. TRADE: methmazole
• 1. Tapazole
• 2. TRADE: strong iodine solution
• 2. Lugol's solution

replace hormones lost in adrenal insufficience (Addison disease)

• 1. TRADE: cortisone
• 1. Cortisone acetate
• 2. TRADE:hydrocortisone
• 2. A-Hydrocort; Cortef

increase skeletal growth in children and growth hormone deficiencies in adults

• 1. TRADE: somatropin (recombinant)
• 1. Humatrope, Norditropin

lower blood glucose by promoting its entrance into body cells and converting glucose to glycogen (a starch-storage form of glucose)

• 1. TRADE: regular insulin
• 1. Humulin R; Novolin R
• 2. TRADE: NPH Insulin
• 2. Humulin N; Novolin N, Humulin

treat type 2 diabetes mellitus by stimulating the pancrease to produce more insulin and decrease peripheral resistance to insulin

• 1. TRADE:glipizide
• 1. Glucotrol; Glucotrol XL
• 2. TRADE:Glyburide
• 2. DiaBeta, Glynase

replace or supplement thyroid hormones

• 1. TRADE:Levothyroxine
• 1. Levo-T; Levoxyl; Synthroid
• 2. TRADE: Liothyronine
• 2. Cytomel; Triostat