Who has 73% or more body water content also with low body fat and low bone mass
Infants
Body water content in adult males and adult females
60% in males
50% in females
This is the least hydrated tissue in the body containing 20% water
Adipose tissue
True or False: Fat contains more water than bone in the body
False: bone contains more water than fat does.
Skeletal muscle tissue contains about what percentage of water?
75%
Body water content declines to what percentage in old age?
45%
In liters, how much water does the body contain
40 liters
The Intracellular fluid (ICF) compartment (inside the cell) accounts for how much of the total water content of the body
2/3 or 25 Liters
The Extracellular fluid (ECF) compartment makes up how much of the total water content of the body
1/3 or 15 Liters
The Extracellular fluid (ECF) compartment makes up 1/3 or 15 L of the total water content of the body, how is this broken down?
Plasma 3 L
Interstitial Fluid (IF Space between cells) 12L
and other ECF: lymph, CSF, humors of the eye, synovial fluid, serous fluid, and gastrointestinal secretions.
T or F: Water serves as a universal solvent
True
Water serves as the universal solvent in which a variety of solutes are dissolved. These solutes may be classified broadly as what?
electrolytes and non-electrolytes
These chemical compounds dissociate into ions (or charged particles) in water
electrolytes
This chemical compound includes Inorganic salts, both inorganic and organic acids and bases, and some proteins.
electrolytes
Electrolyte concentrations is the osmolality, expressed in this unit
milliequivalentsper liter (mEq/L)(# of electrical charges in 1 liter of solution).
These have bonds (usually covalent bonds), that do not dissociate to form charged particles.
Non-electrolytes
These are Organic molecules—glucose, lipids, creatinine, and urea
non-electrolytes
Any Changes in solute concentration in any compartment leads to what?
net water flows.
Exchanges between plasma and IF occur across what blood vessel.
capillary membranes
There is a small net leakage that remains behind in the interstitial space this is removed by what system
lymphatic system
Exchanges between the IF and the ICF occur across plasma membranes and depend on the
Exchanges between the IF and the ICF occur across plasma membranes and depend on the membranes' what
complex permeability properties
Exchange between the IF and ICF in general are two-way osmotic flow of water and is substantial. But ion fluxes are restricted and in most cases, ions move selectively by active transport or through channels. What would be included in these movements?
nurtients, respiratory gases and wastes. They are typically unidirectional.
For the body to remain properly hydrated, water intake must equal what?
water output
Water intake varies widely from person to person but is typically how much a day in adults
2500 ml
How does most water enter the body
through ingested liquids and solid foods
Body water produced by cellular matabolism is call what
metabolic water or water of oxidation
How is the average intake of water broken down
beverages 60%
foods 30%
metabolism 10%
How is the average output of water broken down
urine 60%
insensible losses (via skin and lungs) 28%
sweat 8%
feces 4%
Healthy people have a remarkable ability to maintain the tonicity (strength) of their body fluids within how much
280-300 mOsm/kg
A rise in plasma osmolality tiggers what 2 things
thirst and release of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), which causes the kidneys to conserve water and excrete concentrated urine.
What happens with a rise in plasma osmolality
inhibits both thirst and ADH release, the latter followed by output of large volumes of dilute urine.
What happens with a rise in plasma osmolality
inhibits both thirst and ADH release, the latter followed by output of large volumes of dilute urine.
Output of certain amounts of water is unavoidable. This is called what type of water loss
Obligatory water loss is essential (urine, 500ML)
The kidneys begin to eliminate input water how long after it is ingested.
in about 30 minutes
T or F The kidneys begin to eliminate input water in about 30 minutes after it is ingested. This delay reflects the time required to release ADH
False: inhibit ADH release
Author
heplac
ID
49398
Card Set
Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
Description
Chapter 26: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
