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phonology
learning speech sounds
rules govening the structure and sequence of speech sounds
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Semantics
the way underlying concepts are expressed in words and word combination
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Parsing
- dissecting the speech stream
- stressed phonemes
knowing how to seperate sounds such as :
Pretty= pret-ty
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Grammar
Consists of syntax and morphology
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Syntax
rules by which words are arranged into sentences
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mlu= mean length utterance
when studying language, how many meaning units someone produces when they say something
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morphology
individual meaning units
the use of grammatical markers indicating number, tense, case, person, gender, active or passive voice
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pragmatics
rules for engaging in appropriate and effective communication
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Language acquisition device
a system that permits children to combine words into grammatically consistent novel utterances and to understand the meaning of the sentences they hear.
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Broca's Area
supports grammatical processing and language production
located in the frontal lobe
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Wernicke's area
plays a role in comprehending word meaning
located in the left temporal lobe
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phonemes
individual speech sounds
the smallest sound units that signal a change in meaning
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babbling
constant like sounds
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joint attention
the child attends to the same object or event as the caregiver
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protodeclarative
the baby points to, touches, or holds up an object while looking at others to make sure they notice
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protoimperative
the baby gets another person to do something by reaching, pointing, and making sounds at the same time.
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Describe the role parent-child relationship plays in language development
Caregivers who respond sensitively and involve infants in dialogue-like exchanges encourage early language progress. However, in some cultures this does not happen and children acquire language at the same time frame. Early in the second year, adults labeling child gesturual communication helps chlidren learn to use languge early.
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Fast-mapping
children can connect a new word with an underlying concept after only a brief encounter
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Referential Style
Children's vocabularies consist mainly of words that refer to objects
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Expressive Style
children produce many more social formulas and pronouns such as thank you and "done"
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Underextension
Apply words to narrowly.
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Overextension
applying a word to a broader collection of objects and events than is appropriate
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Syntactic Bootstrapping
Children's discover many word meanings by observing how words are used in syntax or the structure of sentences
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Telegraphic Speech
focusing on high content words and omit smaller less important ones
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Overregularization
Applying a regular morphological rule but extending it to words that are exceptions such as saying "my toy breaked" or " i have two foots"
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Semantic bootstrapping
group words with agent qualities (things that cause actions) and words with action qualities (verbs)
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Metalinguistic awareness
the ability to think about language as a system
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Code switching
bilingual children often produce an utterance in one language that contains one or more guest words from the other
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