chapter 4

unlearned inborn automatic responses to a particular form of stimulation

• characteristics that elicit care (body head proportions)
• cause reflexes from others

infant is at full rest and shows little or no body activity. Eyelids are closed , no eye movements occur, the face is relaxed, and breathing is slow and regular

Gentle limb movements, occasional stirring. Although eyelids are closed there is rapid eye movements . breathing is irregular

infant is either falling asleep or waking up. The eyes are open and closed .

The infants body is relatively inactive , with eyes open and attentive . breathing is even

frequent bursts of uncoordinated body activity. breathing is irregular. crying may occur

evaluates the baby's reflexes , muscle tone, state changes, responsiveness to physical and social stimuli, an other reactions.

a gradual reduction in the strength of a response due to repetitive stimulation

Uncoordinated swipes toward an object

a clumsy motion in which the baby's fingers close agains the palm; replaces the infants grasp reflex

Infants use thumb and index finger in a well coordinated way

opportunities for actions

detecting and organizing sensory information

system that translates information into neural activity

process that converts information into neural activity

intensity of the wave , loudness

length of sound wave

• number of waves per second
• pitch
• mariah carey vs. barry white

detecting airborne chemicals ( smell)

chemical sense

the degree to which a feature makes it likely that the thing is an exemplar depends on the frequency with which that feature accompanies a concept and the infrequency with which that feature does not accompany other concepts.

• thinking about thinking
• knowledge of mental states ( intent, desire, belief, deception, thinking, knowing, pretending)

knowledge that others hold inaccurate beliefs

analogy of scientific theory in which children continually test and revise their working theories

module for understanding agency and the corresponding mental states of others

children use their mental states to infer the mental states of others by role-taking

representation of the world

mental states underlie human action

human action motivated by psychologcal states

knowingly providing false information