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State the structures of the Outer ear and it's function.
- Pinna external flap cartilage & collects the sound waves.
- External auditory meatus- opening of auditory canal.
- Auditory Canal- tube shape and lead to the tympanic membrane, it carries the sound waves toward the middle ear.
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What are the parts of the Pinna?
- Helix- folded portion.
- Tragus- lead toward the lobe
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State the structures of the middle ear and their functions.
- 1. Typmanic membrane (eardrum)- separates external from middle ear
- Vibrates in response to sound waves.
- 2. Ossicles (tiny bones) malleus, incus, stapes
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What is the medical term for the tympanic membrane?
Myring/o
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State the structures of the inner ear.
- Oval Window
- Round Window
- Vestibule
- Cochlea(snail like structure)
- The entire inner ear is filled with auditory fluid (perilymph & endolymph)
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Which structure is described as the "organ of hearing"?
Organ of Corti
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State the structures lined with ceruminous glands and function of cerumen.
- The auditory canal is lined with cerumen glands.
- Cerumen (earwax) filters, lubricates and protects the ear from dirts, dust and microbes.
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State the function of eustachian tube with reference to tympanic membrane.
- The auditory tube that connects the midde ear to the throat.
- It helps maintain equal pressure on both sides of eardrum.
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What structures are responsible for maintenance of equilibrium? Where?
- The Semicircular canal, Utricle and Saccule are responsible for equilibrium
- In the inner ear.
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Trace sound waves from pinna to temporal lobe of the brain.
- Pinna
- External auditory Meatus
- Auditory Canal
- Tympanic membrane
- Ossicles(malleus, incus,stapes)
- Oval window
- Auditory fluids
- Cochlea
- Organ of Corti
- Nerve with many names
- Temporal lobe of brain
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Define Tinnitus
Ringing in ear
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Define Presbycusis
- Decrease in hearing due to aging
- loss of hair (cilia) in the organ of corti
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Define Otosclerosis
- Fusion of the 3 main bones of middle ear, related with aging
- movement of stapes is restricted
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Define Stapedectomy
Removal of the stapes because of otosclerosis
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Define Meniere's Syndrome
- An inner-ear syndrome increased auditoy fluid characterized by attacks of vertigo, tinnitus and nausea.
- No cure
- Diuretics(water pills) often used to drain fluids.
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Define Auditory agnosia
- Lack of understanding spoken words.
- Hearing is fine
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Define Otitis media
- Is a middle ear infection. (inflammation of the middle ear)
- Fluid involved is serous and purulent(pus)
- Tubes are used in treatment to equalie pressure
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Describe the appearance of Normal eardrum
Very thin, beige, shiny
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What is the appearance of an infected eardrum?
Red
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What is the appearance of the eardrum with fluid behind it:
Dull
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What is the medical term for an ear specialist?
Otorhinolaryngologist
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Define Decibels
- Volume
- Units for measuring the relative intensity of sounds on a scale from 0 to 130.
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Define Frequency
- Pitch
- Number of regularly occuring soundwaves.
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Define Helix
The folded portion of the pinna
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Define Otalgia
- Medical term for pain in ear.
- Earache
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Define Tympanotomy
- Surgical puncture of the tympanic membrane, as for the removal of fluid or the drainage of pus(purulent).
- Also called myringotomy.
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The instrument used to perform the examination of the ear:
Otoscope
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The auditory nerve has many names?
Vestibulocochlear, Auditory, Acustic, Cochlear, VIII Cranial
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Impacted cerumen
- Hardened earwax, impaired hearing, tinnitus
- irrigation used to loosen plug
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Labyrynthitis
labyryn (maze)
- Inflammatin of the semicircular canals
- vertigo, nausea, impaired hearing, tinnitus
- treatment: antibotic for bacterial and corticosteroids for viral infection
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Nerve trauma
- Impaired hearing caused by extended exposure to high noise levels
- (jackhammer, siren, gunshot, jet engines)
- Treatment: prevention damage is irreversible
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Otitis externa
- Inflammation of the outer ear (swimmer's ear)
- impaired hearing, pain, fever
- Treatment: antibiotic, steriod drops
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Ruptured tympanic membrane
- Scarring & impaired hearing
- Treatment: antibiotics for otitis media
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