Pathophys

Abnormal new tissue growth characterized by the progressive uncontrolled multiplication of cells.

The most common malignant neoplasm in the lung originates from the bronchial mucosa.

Orginating in the lung

Slow growing, not life threatening, encapsulated, well-defined, localized

Disorganized growth, invasice & metastatic.

Moves to lung from another source.

Primary lung cancer is the most common malignancy in the USA

One of the leading causes of death

25% of Americans dying from cancet die from bronchogenic cardinoma

Lung cancer has become the leading causes of death from cancer in woemn primarily because of the increased rate of cigarette smoking among women

Leads to the majority of lung cancers.

Smokers have ten times the chance of dying from lung cancers as nonsmokers

Exposed to cigarette smoke also have an increased risk of lung cancer

Carcinogens such as asbestos, uranium, insulations, brake materials, & petroleum products

Asbestos exposure have also been linked to lung cancers

a radioactive inert gas that is produced by rocks, soil, and groundwater. Radon consideredd the second most common cause of lung cancer in the United States

Genetic & Familial Factors that predispose individuals to bronchogenic carinoma

Lung cancer is seen predominantly in persons between the ages of 45 & 75 years with a peak at age 70, it is rare occurrence in persons less tha the age of 35

Inflammation, swelling, & desctruction of the airways & alveoli. Excessive mucus production.

Airway obstruction either mucus or tumor obstruction

Atelectasis, pneumonia, lung abscess due to bronchial obstruction

Cavity formation

Pleural effusions

Lymph nodes, liver, bone, braub, & adrenal glands are among common sites for distant metastasis.

3 genes are associated with 20% of lung cancers, and these same genes are linked to fetal lung development, researchers report

These 3 genes work together to enable cancer cells appear to be unique to lung cancer

Discovered a frequent genetic mutation in lung cancer. This mutation is found in 20% of non-small cell lung cancer which makes up 80% of all lung cancer.

It may be possible to block these gene mutations and prevent tumor growth, Understanding how these genese work is importatnt for emdical applications.

Non-Small- cell cancer:

• 1. Squamous Cell Carcinoma
• 2. Adenocarcinoma
• 3. Large Cell Carinoma

• Small-cell lung cancer:
• 1.Small Cell Carinoma (Oat Cell)

Most common in men (30%-50%)

Doubles every 100 days

Late local metastatic tendency

Can obstuct airways

Commonly located in large bronchi near the hilar region

Slow growth

Commonly called "Oat Cell"

Commonly found near hilar region

Doubles every 30 days- rapid

Metastasizes early- poor prognosis

20-25% of bronchogenic cancer

Strong correlation with cigarette smoking

Arises from the mucus glands of the tracheobronchial tree

Doubles/ 180 days- moderate

Found in peripheral portion of lung parenchyma

Cavity formation and pleural effusions are common

Women non-smokers

Growth rate is rapid

Early metastatsis

Doubles every 100 days

Seen in about 10-15% of bronchogenic carcinoma cases

Secondary complications include chest wall pain, pleural effusion, pneumonia, hemoptysis and cavity formation