-
epidermis: avascular or vascular
avascular
-
what layer contains nerves, sensory receptors, blood vessels, lymphatics
dermis
-
which glands produce sweat / perspiration (i.e. saline)
eccrine
-
eccrine glands mature at what age
2 mos
-
apocrine glands are activated at what age
puberty
-
decomposition of ___ sweat produces body odor
apocrine
-
sweat glands located in axillae, nipples, areolae, anogenital area, eyelids, ears
apocrine
-
secretion of ___ glands decreases with aging
apocrine
-
glands that lubricate skin and nails
sebaceous
-
glands concentrated in scalp and face
sebaceous
-
overproduction of sebum in adult or child, technical terms
seborrheic dermatitis
-
common name of condition for infant / child in which there is overproduction of sebum
cradle cap
-
what are the 2 types of hair
vellus, terminal
-
fine soft non-pigmented hair
vellus
-
___ hair covers entire body except
vellus
-
vellus hair does not cover
palms, soles, glans penis, inside labia
-
layer below the skin is
subcutaneous
-
2 more names for subcutaneous tissue
adipose, hypodermis
-
what is uremic frost
urea waste excreted through skin
-
vitamin D is necessary for the absorption of ___ and is produced when ___ light comes in contact with skin
calcium, ultraviolet
-
6 functions of skin
- protection
- sensory protection
- thermoregulation
- aids in wound repair
- absorption and excretion
- vitamin D production
-
atopic
hypersensitivity occurring in a part of the body not in contact with the allergen
-
dysplastic mole
larger, irregular shaped mole with irregular borders
-
xerosis
excessive dryness
-
seborrhea, what is it and what is the common name?
oily flakes of skin, dandruff
-
-
pruritis common ___ or ___ disease because of
kidney or liver, decreased metabolism and excretion of waste
-
medications may cause photosensitivity which leads to
sunburn
-
alopecia
diffuse, patchy or total hair loss
-
trichotillomania
pulling out hair
-
hirsutism, and the cause
abnormal growth of hair in unusual places, frequently r/t increased androgen production by adrenal glands
-
intertriginous areas
skin folds, such as under the breasts and in feet
-
check especially the intertriginous folds of the feet for
diabetics
-
vitiligo
absence of melanin pigment causing patchy areas on the skin
-
ephelides is the technical name for
freckles
-
-
pallor
white or lighter color, in dark skinner people a gray skin color
-
cigarrette smoking does what to peripheral vessels
vasoconstriction
-
erythema
flushed appearance because of blood
-
hyperemia
excess of blood
-
why rest an extremity with an entry point of infection
movement drives the infection deeper into the tissues
-
polycythemia
increased RBCs
-
central cyanosis occurs when
5 gm unoxygenated Hgb secondary to cardiopulmonary problems.
-
why is Hgb level important in regards to central cyanosis.
if Hgb is 8 and central cyanosis occurs with 5 gm Hgb unoxygenated, then more than 1/2 of Hgb unoxygenated before pt shows central cyanosis ... pt can become severely hypoxic and possibly die.
-
jaundice is caused by
higher levels of bilirubin in the blood
-
bilirubin is a byproduct of
RBC breakdown
-
bilirubin is normally excreted through the
GI tract
-
causes of jaundice
biliary obstruction, ineffective breakdown due to liver disease or immature livers (newborns)
-
-
pt with jaundice has ___ color skin
yellow
-
diaphoresis
profuse sweating
-
thirst is an early / late sign of dehydration
late
-
corns are distinct from calluses how
has an inner core
-
arterial insufficiency causes skin to be
shiny, thin, hairless
-
turgor
how fast skin snaps back when pinched
-
don't test turgor on elderly hands because
false positive
-
cherry angioma
tiny blood blister
-
cherry angioma size, where located
1-5 mm, on upper body
-
Telangiectases
dilated superficial blood vessels
-
Spider angioma, what is it, where located
central arteriole with radiating branches, usually upper body
-
spider angioma r/t ___, why
liver disease, hormones are in excess from being less metabolized
-
spider angioma, a few might be normal / abnormal
normal
-
what are the two types of Telangiectases
spider angioma, venous star
-
does spider angioma blanch with pressure? Why?
yes ... it is arterial
-
does venous star blanch with pressure? Why?
no, it is venous
-
venous star associated with
increased venous pressure
-
what are Petechiae? What is the size? they are from what cause?
1 - 3 mm, deep red, rounded shapes which results from superficial capillary bleeding caused by bacteremia and bleeding disorders (such as thrombocytopenia)
-
thrombocytopenia
decreased platelets causing a bleeding disorder
-
purpura are
extensive confluent patch of petechiae
-
senile purpura r/t
thinning skin
-
-
hematoma is a
raised bruise
-
scalding, belt strap/buckle, cigarette burns, etc. are what type of injury
pattern injuries
-
which glands open up into hair follicles
apocrine
-
Jaundice may be seen in what 2 junctions
between the hard & soft palate, sclera & skin
|
|
