The correct sequence of layers of the atmosphere from the innermost to the outermost is
B) Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere
The atmospheric layer containing all 75% of the mass of earth's air is the
B) Troposphere
Stratospheric Ozone is responsible for all of the following except:
B) Lowering atmospheric water vapor
Human inputs of outdoor air pollutants occur mostly
A) In urban areas
In India, the "asian Brown cloud" has reduced photosynthesis by what percentage?
B) 7%
Primary pollutants from burning coal include all of the following, except:
D) Ozone
Which is not part of the "Asian Brown Cloud"?
C) Ozone
Acid deposition is best classsified as a(n)
A) regional problem
Acid deposition has been linked to
D) all of the above
If the earth were an apple, the lowest layer of the atmosphere would be the thickness of
B) The skin
Harmful chemicals emitted directly itno the air from natural processes and human activities are called
C) Primary pollutants
Photochemical smog is characteristic of urban areas with many vehicles and a climate that is
D) warm, dry, and sunny
The people least vulnerable to air pollution are
B) Adult males
The greenhouse effect is best described as
D) Consensus science
The concentration of carbon dioxide in the troposphere at the start of the industrial Revolution was approximately
A) 280 ppm (part per million)
Acid deposition has been linked to
D) all of the above are linked to acid deposition
Major climate models project all of the following except:
C) the falling of global sea levels
Which of the following best describes the earth's average surface temperature for the past 900,000 years?
C) Prolonged period of cooling and warming
Vladimir Romanovsky is a research expert on
D) permafrost
A warmer world is least likely to result in
A) moderate weather
The fertility of males in Missouri is being reduced by
B) agricultural chemicals in drinking water
climate models predict that global warming will be most sever in which regions?
B) Polar Regions
About 1% of the earth's lower atmosphere is composed of all of the following greenhouse gasses except
D) hydrogen
Climate models indicate that we will have to death with all of the following issues that will result from a rapidly changing climate except
C) what kinds of economics will exist
prevention approaches to global warming include all of the following except
B) increase beef production to strengthen public health
He first recognized the natural greenhouse effect in 1896
B) Svante Arrhenius
This dam is key for California's Federal Central Valley Project
A) Shasta
What percentage of the earth's surface is covered by water?
B) 71%
The movement to water in the seas, air, and on land that is driven by solar energy and gravity is called
B) Hydrologic cycle
The geologic layer consisting of underground canverns and porous layers of sand, gravel, or bedrock, where groundwater flows, is called
D) an aquifer
which of the following is false?
D) groundwater is stationary, it does not move
the term subsidence refers to
B) intrusion of salt water into a freshwater aquifer
The main goals of a dam and reservoir include all of the following except
B) clean the water
which of the following is not true of the disaster that befell the aral sea?
D) population of local animal species have remained stable
The watershed that is vital to water supplies for sonoma county is
A) the russian river
A body of water can be depleted of its oxygen by
A) organic wastes
which of the following is a point source of water pollution?
D) offshore oil well
An oxygen sag curve
B) occur when oxgyen-demanding wastes are added to the water
the natural nutrient enrichment of a shallow lake, estuary, or slow moving stream is called
A) eutrophication
the only effective way to protect groundwater is to
C) prevent contamination
the majority of the oil pollution of the ocean comes from
A) runoff from land
which one of the following sewage treatments is properly matched?
D) secondary (biological process)
the greatest marine biodiversity is found
A) in coral reefs
three of the following areas are placed where 90% of all the ocean's fish spawn; one is not such as area. choose the one that is not.
A) ocean bottom
industrialized fishing has become highly mechanized. which of the following is not one of the major methods used to harvest marine fishes?
A) mist netting
Sustainable management of freshwater fishes involves all ofthe following except
D) supporting introduction of commerically important nonative species
which of the following was not shown as one of the strategies for dealing with climate change in the film Global Warming the Sign and the Science?
D) flooding deserts with seawater to grow saltwater tolerant crops and reduce sea level rise
in the film, everything's cool researchers showed taht the environmental message has been
C) "i have a nightmare"
He used 19th century water laws to acquire over 1 million acres of agricultural land in the san Joaquin Valley of California
C) Henry Miller
Today, California's Tulare Lake is known for
B) 50 miles if cotton fields along Interstate 5
The United State NASA scientist, who first identified CO2 gas in the troposphere as the major greenhouse gas effecting climate change, in 1987, was
B) James Hansen
In the United States, climate change is most evident here
C) Shishmaref, Alaska
The majority of biosolids from the Santa Rosa Laguna Wastewater Treatment plant are
B) Composted
The "Geologic Era" we are living in is now known as
C) the anthropocene
The leopard frog, of North America, is being impacted by
C) runoff of chemicals/pesticides applied to cornfields
monoculture agriculture is a type of
A) industrialized agriculture
All of the following are commonly grown in plantation agriculture, except
C) potatoes
Three grain crops provide 47% of humanity's food calories. The correct three grains are
D) rice, wheat, corn
A second green revolution has been taking place since 1967, based on
A) fast growing rice and wheat
Repeated irrigation in dry climates leads to soul degradation of the upper layers, a process called
B) salinization
In alley cropping
C) crops are planted in strips between trees and shrubs
One of the most important characteristics of a pesticide is how long it will stay deadly in the enviornment, a characteristic called
C) persistence
Which of the following includes all the others?
B) pesticide
Some traditional subsistence farmers grow several crosp on the same plot simultaneously, a practice known as
D) polyculture
In the United States, how much of the original topsoil is gone?
D) 33%
Compared to the traditional method of tilling soil, conservation tillage
B) reduces fuel and tillage costs
President George W. Bush's response of the 1997 Kyoto treaty was
B) to withdraw the U.S. from participation in the treaty
The "curse of Akkad" resulted from
A) the loss of Lake Agassiz
All of the following have occurred in the news in the past 3 months except
A) the larsen B Ice shelf, in antartica, has become unstable with the breakup of an ice bridge that held it in place
Farming the open oceans will require this technology
B) aquapods
Nitrogen makes up 21% of the air we breathe
False
Pollution such as the Asian Brown Cloud can be cleared up fairly quickly when standards are set for coal burning industries
True
Photocehmical smog is a mixture of primary and secondary pollutants formed under the influence of UV radiation from the sun
True
Wet acid deposition occcurs near the emission source while dry deposition occurs in more distant areas
False
Indoor air pollution usually poses a much greater threat to human health than outdoor air pollution even in the developed world
True
Clime change affects only the less developed parts of the planet and will be short term
False
Svante Arrhenius was the first to discover the gases of the atmosphere
False
Over the past 50 years, Arctic temepratures have risen almost twice as fast as average temepratures in the rest of the world
True
Changes in the energy output of the sun and moon are responsible for the majority of the rise in earth's temperature
False
In a warmer climate the population of humans is likely to decrease in numbers
True
The United States, China, and Russia (three of the world's major emitters) agreed in Copenhagen last year to particpate in a cap and trade program to slow global warming
False
A 1 degree Celsius warming is apparently inevitable because we have waited too long to prevent it
True
Thomnas Midgley Jr discovered the first carbon dioxide in the stratosphere
False
The ozone hole is a reduction in concentrations of ozone high above the earth in the stratosphere
True
Swiss camp is the research station that has been monitoring the glaciers in the mountains of Europe
False
Water is seen more and more as a national security issue
True
Withdrawing water from a nonrenewable aquifer is equivalent to mining a nonrenewable mineral resource
True
Government subsideies designed to increase crop production have discouraged depletion of the Ogallala aquifer
False
Drip irrigation is the most efficient method of delivering water needed for crops
True
Urban household activities are by far the leading cause of water pollution
False
Agricultural fields are a major source of non point source pollution for rivers and lakes
True
The technology to convert sewer water into pure drinking water is inexpensive and faces little oppostion
False
The heatlh of fisheries in West Africa has little impact on bushmeant or terrestial wildlife populations
False
Ross Gelbpsn advocates humans need to reduce carbon emissions by 80% to slow climate change
true
The loss of glaciers in Montana, are affecting the fishing industry because of reduced stream flows and warmer water temperatures
True
In the 1960's build the CA water project, the atomic energy commision and the university of CA considered using nucelar detonations to build the canals for the project
True
In canada's st lawrence river, beluga whales are evolving and developing new organs to handle industrial pollution
False
The majority of wastewater treatment facilities across the U.S. use ultravoilet radiation to disinfect teh treated water before it is released back into the envriornment
False
At a wastewater treatemnt plant, bacteria in anaerobic digesters produce methance gas in consuming sludge
True
Today, even as we clean up chemical contamination in the envrionement, endrocine disruption is occuring and resulting in cases of Hypospadles.
