the process by which activities are started, directed and continued so that physical and psychological needs are met.
Extrinsic Motivation
type of motivation in which person performs action because it leads to an external satisfaction or outcome.
Intrinsic Motivation
type of motivation in which person performs an action because it satisfies an internal manner.
Instinct
the biologically determined and innate patterns of humans and animals.
Instinct Approach
assumes people are governed by instincts that are similar to those of animals.
McDougall Basic Instincts
curiosity - flight or fight - pugnacity (aggression) - acquisiotion
Drive Reduction Theory
approach to motivation that assumes behavior arises from physiological needs that cause internal drives to push the organism to satisfy the need and reduce tension and arousal.
Need
a requirement of some material such as food or water that is essential for survival.
Drive
a psychological tension and physical arousal arising when there is a need that motivates the organism t act in order to fulfill the need and reduce tension.
Primary Drives
those drives that involve needs of the body such as hunger and thirst.
Acquired (secondary) Drives
those drives that are learned through experience or conditioning, such as need for $ or social approval.
Homeostasis
the tendency of the body to maintain a steady state (balance). The bodies version of a thermostat. When there is a primary drive, the body is off balance. This stimulates behavior that brings it back to balance.
McClelland Theory Motivation
Achievement- succeed in everything.
Affiliation- social interaction, need for being in high regard.
Power- control over people, prestige, materialistic.