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motivation
The force that moves people to behave, think and feel the way that they do.
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Homeostatis
The body's tendency to maintain an equilibrium or steady state.
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Drive
An aroused state that occurs because of a physiological need
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Need
A deprivation that energies the drive to eliminate or reduce the deprivation
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Cholecystokinin
The hormone that helps start the digestion of food
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Insulin
Causes excess sugar in the blood to be stored in cells as fats and carbs. Cause hunger.
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Leptin
A protein that is released by fat cells, decreases food intake and energy expenditure
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Set point
The weight maintained when no effort is made to gain or lose weight
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Androgens
The class of hormones that predominate in males;they are produced by the testes in males and by the adrenal glands in both males and females
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Estrogens
The main class of female sex hormones, produced principally by the ovaries.
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Self-determination theory
A theory of motivation that proposes that three basic organismic needs (competence, autonomy, and relatedness) characterize intrinsic motivation
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James-Lange theory
Theory stating that emotion results for physiological states triggered by stimuli in the environment
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Cannon-Bard theory
Theory stating that emotion and physiological reaction occur simultaneously
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Ego
Reality principle, brings pleasure within norms of society
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Superego
Harshly judges morality of behavior
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Defense mechanisms
The ego's protective methods for anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality
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Repression
The ego pushes unacceptable impulses out of awareness, back into the unconscious mind.
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Rationalization
The ego replaces a less acceptable motive with a more acceptable one
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Displacement
The ego shifts feelings toward and unacceptable behavior to another, more acceptable object
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Sublimation
The ego replaces an unacceptable impulse with a socially acceptable one
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Projection
The ego attributes personal shortcomings, problems, and faults to others
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Reaction formation
The ego transforms an unacceptable motive into its opposite
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Denial
The ego refuses to acknowledge anxiety-production realities
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Regression
The ego seeks the security of an earlier developmental period in the face of stress
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Humanistic perspective
Views of personality that stress the person's capacity for personal growth, freedom to choose a destiny, and positive qualities
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Psychodymanic theory
Views of personality as primarily unconscious and as developing in stages. Most psychoanalytic perspective emphasize that early experiences with parents play a role in sculpting personality
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Type A behavior pattern
A cluster of characteristics such as being excessively competitive, hard-driven, impatient, and hostile-related to the incident of heart disease
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Type B behavior patterns
A cluster of characteristics such as being relaxed and easy going-related to good health
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