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3 things that narrow the Surplus of meaning
Contex, Tone, Non verbal (posture expression)
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EPS cycle
Elite, Popular, Specialized
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Why is writing difficult to narrow the surplus of meaning
There is no Context or verbal/non-verbal ques
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Books and EPS
- Elite: X2 Elite, then middle class
- Popular: Rotary press, political/cultural
- Specialized: small audiences
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3 examples of early publications with influence
- THOMAS PAINE’S COMMON SENSE
- FREDERICK DOUGLASS’S NARRATIVE:Life as a slave
- HORATIO ALGER: Rags to riches
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1) Be familiar with the main characters – their names and character development.
- Harry Balter:
- Harry Balter is a white boy of about Lauren's age. He is the boyfriend of
- Joanne Garfield, who is his cousin. When Lauren's neighborhood is overrun by thieves and arsonists, Harry is one of the few survivors, and he and Lauren, along with Zahra,
- escape together.
- Taylor Franklin Bankole:
- Bankole is a fifty-seven-year-old African-American doctor. He joins Lauren's group about four weeks after their trek north begins; he is heading toward some land he owns in the hills on the coast where his sister and her family live
- Travis & Gloria Douglas
- First people to join Laura. Dominic is there son
- Jill & Allie Gilchrist
- Running away from their pimp father
- Doe Mora :
- Doe Mora is the eight-year-old daughter of Grayson Mora.
- Grayson Mora
- Grayson Mora is a Latino and the father of Doe Mora. He is the last person to join Lauren's group
- Zahra Moss:
- Zahra Moss is Richard Moss's husband. He purchased her from her homeless mother when she was fifteen.With Harry Balter, Zahra is one of the few survivors, and she joins the other two and walks north. Zahra can neither read nor write, and Lauren begins to teach her.
- Keith Olamina:
- Keith Olamina is twelve years old, the oldest of Lauren's three brothers
- Lauren Olamina :
- Lauren Olamina is the narrator and heroine of the novel. She is fifteen years old when the story begins. Lauren is African-American, intelligent and well-educated, already having taken some college-level courses.
- Marcus Olamina:
- Marcus Olamina is Lauren's eleven-year-old brother
- Reverend Olamina:
- Reverend Olamina is Lauren's father. He is a Ph.D. and he teaches at the local college. He is also a Baptist minister
- Emery Tanaka Solis:
- Emery Tanaka Solis is a twenty-three-year-old woman of mixed racial origins. Here and her daughter join Lauren's group near the end of the journey north.
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Media Learning curve
- Takes a while to learn to use a new technology
- Completely digitized
- Borrow from the previous media practices
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Elite Partisan Press
- Professional model- objective and factual
- Political party news, biased
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NATIONAL GAZETTE
- Philip fern-Designed to oppose Washington’s economic ideas
- Hybrid
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ELITE READERS & REPUBLICAN PARTY
- Deferential political system- ideas trickle down society
- Started during the founding of the country
- Alien and Sedition acts-Crime to criticize government officials or policies
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Backpacker content analysis
(45% adds, 14%gear) almost 60% for selling
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THE LANGUAGE OF CINEMA
- TECHNIQUES OF EDITING
- SHOTS AND MUSIC THE LANGUAGE OF- STORYTELLING DEVELOPS
- SHOOTING & SCENES
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THE LANGUAGE OF STORYTELLING DEVELOPS
- EDITINGEDWIN PORTER - GREAT TRAIN ROBBERY (1903)
- Shots not taken in order
- Nickelodeon
- Story board
- Black and white
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DW GRIFFITHS - BIRTH OF A NATION (1915)
- Long film
- Shorter scenes
- Its own score
- Close ups and different angles
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SHOTS
- 180 degree rule
- SHOT/REVERSE shot
- Seen from all sides of a scene
- PANNING
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PRO-WAR FILMS (plot)
- PLOT: ROMANTIC
- Driven by a heroes confrontation with circumstance
- Hero triumphs
- Hero changed foreverInspire support for the war
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PRO-WAR FILMS (NARR PERSP)
- ONE SIDED/DEHUMANIZE ENEMY
- Biased
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PRO-WAR FILMS
INSPIRE AUDS TO SACRIFICE OR HONOR CAUSE, VETS, COUNTRY
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ANTI-WAR FILMS (Plot)
- COMIC-Youthful idealists come to realizations of war
- TRAGIC-Driven by tragic flaw or condition
- Dark side of human nature
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PRO-WAR FILMS (REPRESENTATIONS OF VIOLENCE)
- MINIMIZED/SANCTIFIEDViolence not shown in detail
- No blood
- Inspire audiences to die for honor and glory
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ANTI-WAR FILMS (NARR PERSP)
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ANTI-WAR FILMS (REPRESENTATIONS OF VIOLENCE)
- Emphasize gore and violence
- Create revulsion
- Violence is unnecessary
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ANTI-WAR FILMS (GOAL)
INSPIRE REVULSION TOWARD WAR
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CODES ENABLE READING OF MEDIA MESSAGES AND MEDIA MESSAGES REWRITE CULTURAL CODES
- Create their own codes
- Media changes the code
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MOTION PICTURES & EPS CYCLE (UNUSUAL CASE)
- Made in the popular stage Specialized in 50s
- Compete with television
- Elaborate special effects
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RADIO’S UNIQUE TECHNOLOGY
- Developed from the telegraph
- First radio stations owned by electric companies
- Not distributed physically (can’t see)
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RADIO SPECTRUM & REGULATION
- Not part of the physical spectrum
- Can’t see it
- Only so much bandwidth
- Government involvement
- Radio act of 1927
- FRC (federal radio commission)
- 1934
- FCC (federal communication commission)
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Radio Learning Curve
Vaudville
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Experiential differences between radio & TV news
- LIVE vs RECORDED MUSIC
- THE PROFESSIONALIZATION OF MUSIC Better expectations
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Basic characteristic of music (3)
NON-RATIONAL-appeals to emotion POLYSEMIC-many possible meanings Age, sex, political opinion MNEMONIC- creates strong memory
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FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE: METAPHOR
- Trope and a simile
- SIGNIFIER VS SIGNIFIED-intended meaning, indirect meaning
- FIGURAL VS LITERAL- indirect meaning, literal meaning
- VEHICLE VS TENOR
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FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE: IRONY
- Interpreting Music: & narrowing surplus, metaphor & irony
- Interpretive Communities & Intertextuality (relation of)
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CHARACTERS & SIGNIFICATION
- POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES CONSERVATIVE: ECONOMIC & SOCIAL-skeptical of government
- LIBERAL: ECONOMIC & SOCIAL-government is good
- CHAR SIGNIFYING IDEOLOGIES: ARCHIE & MIKE
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Televangelism & Prophecy
- Semiotic System (news events and prophecies)
- Relating scripture to past events or past events to scripture
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