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What is the function of lymph nodes?
filter the lymph fluid that flows through the lymph nodes [the lymphocytes remove potentially harmful bacteria]
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Where do T cells mature?
in the thymus
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What are the functions of the spleen?
- contains numerous macrophages that destroy pathogens as they circulate in the blood that enters the spleen
- disposes of dead erythrocytes
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What are lymphocytes?
- cells that are produced in the bone marrow
- several types include: T cells, B cells, and Natural Killer cells
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What is the function of Natural Killer cells?
produce toxic materials that directly kill bacteria by putting holes in them
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Where do B cells mature?
in the bone marrow
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What is the bodies' first line of defense?
nonspecific external barriers such as the skin and mucous membranes
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What is the bodies second line of defense?
nonspecific internal defenses such as: phagocytic and NK cells, fever, and inflammation
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What is the bodies last line of defense?
a specific immune response: cell-mediated immunity or humoral immunity
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What are phagocytic cells?
WBCs that destroy bacteria through phagocytosis
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Mast cells release _____.
histamines
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What are neutrophils?
WBCs that engulf invading microbes
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What are Macrophages?
WBCs that engulf invading microbes and present antigens
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What are the two types of B cells and what does each do?
- plasma cells: offspring of B cells that secrete antibodies into the blood stream
- memory B cells: offspring of B cells that provide future immunity against invasion by the same antigen
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What are the three types of T cells and what does each do?
- cytotoxic T cells: destroy specific targeted cells
- helper T cells: stimulate immune responses by both B cells and cytotoxic T cells
- memory T cells: provide future immunity against invasion of the same antigen
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What does humoral immunity target? What type of cell mediates this?
- invaders outside cells [viruses, bacteria, fungi, toxins, etc.]
- B cells
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What does cell-mediated immunity target? What type of cell mediates this?
- infected body cells
- T cells
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What are antibodies? What are they made by? Are they specific?
- protein produced by a host to bind to and inactivate foreign particles
- B cells
- yes, they have a unique binding site that allows them to bind to only one antigen
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