Psychology Test Chapter 6

a partial or complete loss of memory due to loss of conciousness, brain damage, or some psychological cause.

a memory strategy that involves grouping or organizing bits of information into larger units, which are easier to remember.

a physiological change in the brain that allows encoded information to be stored in memory

any disruption in the consolidation process that prevents a long-term memory from forming

the oldest theory of forgettting, which holds that memories, if not used, fade with time and ultimately disappear altogether

the subsystem within long-term memory that stores facts, information, and personal life events that can be brought to mind verbally or in the form of images and then declared or stated, also called explicit memory

with regard to memory, the event that occurs when short-term memory is filled to capacity and each new, incoming item pushes out an exisiting item, which is then forgotten, with regard to behavior, a defense mechanism in which one substitutes a less threatening object or person for the original object of a sexual or aggressive impulse.

the ability to retain the image of a visual stimulus for several minutes after it has been removed from view and to use this retained image to answer questions about the visual stimulus.

a memory strategy that involves relating new information to something that is already known

the process of transforming information into a form that can be stored in memory

the type of declarative memory that records events as they have been subjectively experienced

an extremely vivid memory of the conditions surrounding one's first hearing the news of a surprising, shocking, or highly emotional event.

the relative inability of older children and adults to recall events from the first few years of life.

a cause of forgetting that occurs because information or associations stored either before or after a given memory hinder the ability to remember it

a model of memory that holds that retention depends on how deeply information is processed

the memory system with a virtually unlimited capacity that contains vast stores of a persons permanent or relatively permanent memories.

learning in one long practice session without rest periods

forgetting through suppression or repression in order to protect oneself from material that is painful, frightening, or otherwise unpleasant

the subsystem within long-term memory that stores motor skills, habits, and simple classically conditioned responses, also called implicit memory.

practicing or studying material beyond the point wherre it can be repeated one without error

in memory, the tendency to recall the first items in a sequence more readily than the middle items. in social psychology, the tendency for an overall impression of another to be influenced more by the first information that is recieved about that person that by information that comes later.

the phenomenon by which an earlier encounter with a stimulus or a related stimulus at a later time.

not remembering to carry out some intended action.

a memory task in which a person must produce required information by searching memory

the tendency to recall the last items in a sequence more readily then those in the middle

a memory task in which a person must simply identify material as familiar or as having been encountered before

an account of an event that has been pieced together from a few highlights, using information that may not be accurate.

the act of purposely repeating information to maintain it in short-term memory

a measure of memory in which retention is expressed as the percentage of time saved when material is relearned compared with the time required to learn the material originally

a defense mechanism in which one involuntary removes painful or threatening memories, thoughts, or perceptions from conciousness, so that one is no longer aware that a painful event occurred or prevents unconcious sexual and aggressive impulsese from breaking into conciousness.

the process of bringing to mind information that has been stored in memory

any stimulus or bit of information that aids in retrieving particular information from long-term memory

the integrated frameworks of knowledge and assumptions a person has about people, objects, and events, which effect how the person encodes and recalls information

the type of declarative memory that stores general knowledge, or objective facts and information

the memory system that holds information from the senses for a period of time ranging from only a fraction of a second to about 2 seconds.

the finding that for information learned in a sequence, recall is better for the beginning and ending items than for the middle items in the sequence

the memory system that codes information according to sound and holds about seven (from five to nine) items for less than 30 seconds without rehersal; also calles working memory

the process of keeping or maintaining information in memory

a cause of forgetting that occurs when information was never put into long-term memory