T/F fractures may affect the crowns and roots of teeth or bones of the maxilla or mandible
true
which teeth usually are involved in fractures?
anterior teeth
T/F crown fractures may involve the enamel only, the enamel and dentin, or the enamel, dentin, and the pulp
true
the radiograph for observing a fracture allows the dental professional to evaluate the ________ of the _____ ________ to the fracture and examine the root for additional fractures
proximity
pulp chamber
which is more common, a root fracture or a crown fracture?
crown fractures
when do root fracture occur?
from an accident or traumatic blow
what is the most common region for root fractures to occur?
maxillary central incisors
a fracture that is parallel with the x-ray beam appears as:
a sharp radiolucent line on a PA
how come with time root fractures have a tendency to enlarge?
displacement of root fragments
hemorrhage
edema
what is the most common bone for fractures in the face?
mandible
which are more common, maxillary fractures or mandibular fractures?
mandibular fractures of the alveolar bone and teeth
tooth _________ includes luxation (intrusion or extrusion) and avulsion
displacement
the abnormal displacement of teeth
luxation
abnormal displacement of teeth INTO the bone
intrusion
abnormal displacement or teeth OUT of the bone
extrusion
the complete displacement of a tooth from the alveolar bone
avulsion
which displacement is most common with an assault or accidental fall?
avulsion
dental radiographs are important in the evaluation of the socket area and should be used to examine the region for ________ ______
splintered bone
what are the two types of resorption associated with teeth?
physiologic
pathologic
a process that is seen with the normal shedding of primary teeth
physiologic resorption
the roots of a primary tooth are resorbed as the permanent successor moves in an occlusal direction; the primary tooth is shed when the resorption of the roots is complete.
physiologic resorption
a regressive alteration of tooth structure that is observed when a tooth is subjected to abnormal stimuli
pathologic resorption
resorption of teeth can be described as _______ or ________ depending on the location of the resorption process
external
internal
(pathologic resorption)
what type of resorption is seen along the periphery of the root surface and is often associated with reimplanted teeth, abnormal mechanical forces, trauma, chronic inflammation, tumors/cysts, impacted teeth or idiopathic causes?
external resorption
what does external resorption usually affect?
the apices of teeth
the apical region is blunted and the length of the roots appear shorter than normal, this is ________ resorption
external
both the lamina dura and the bone around the blunted apex appear normal with __________ resorption
external
T/F external resorption can only be detected clinically and with signs or symptoms
false! It cannot be detected clinically, only on a radiograph. asymptomatic
T/F teeth that undergo external resorption do not exhibit mobility
true
T/F there is no effective treatment for external resorption
true
resorption that occurs within the crown or root of a tooth and involves the pulp chamber, pulp canals, and surrounding dentin
internal resorption
T/F trauma, pulp capping, and pulp polyps are believed to stimulate the internal resorption process
true dat
appears as a round ovoid radiolucency in the midcrown or midroot portion of a tooth
internal resorption
T/F internal resorption generally has symptoms
false! asymptomatic
what is recommended if the tooth from the resorptive process has not physically weakened the tooth? what if the tooth is weakened?
root canal
extraction
a diffuse calcification of the pulp chamber and pulp canals of teeth that result in pulp cavity of decreased size
pulpal sclerosis
for unknown reasons, pulpal sclerosis is associated with______
aging
pulpal sclerosis appears as a pulp cavity that is _______ in size
reduced
does not appear to have a pulp chamber or pulp canals=
pulpal obliteration
pulpal obliteration teeth appear to be ________ and do not require treatment
nonvital
some conditions ( attrition, abrasion, caries, etc) may act as irritants to the pulp and stimulate the production of secondary dentin which results in _________ of the pulp cavity
obliteration
calcifications that are found in the pulp chamber or pulp canals of teeth
pulp stoney stones
T/F the cause of pulp stones is unknown
true true
round, ovoid, or cylindrical radiopacities and may conform the shape of the pulp chamber or canal
pulp stones
on a radiograph, ________ lesions may appear radiopaque or radiolucent
periapical
granulomas, cysts, and abcesses are common radiolocuencies:
periapical
can periapical lesions be diagnosed as a granuloma, cyst, or abcess from a radiograph?
no, it should just be called a periapical radiolucency
a localized mass of chronically inflamed granulation tissue at the apex of a nonvital tooth
periapical granuloma
T/F the periapical granuloma results from pulpal death and necrosis and s the most common sequela of pulpitis
true, i'm not lying!
what can give rise to a periapical cyst or abcess?
periapical granuloma
a periapical granuloma is typically _________ with a history of prolonged sensitivity to hot and cold
asymptomatic
how does a periapical granuloma appear?
as a widened periodontal ligament space at the root apex
is the lamina dura visible between the root apex and the apical lesion with periapical granuloma?
no, it is radiolucent (its like bliggity black)
a radicular cyst aka:
periapcal cyst
cystic degeneration takes place within a periapical granuloma and results in a periapical cyst
periapical cyst
cyst results from pulpal death and necrosis
periapical cyst
what are the most common of all tooth related cysts and compromise 50% to 70% of all cysts in the oral region?
periapical cyst
are periapical cysts asymptomatic or symptomatic?
usually asymptomatic
a periapical cysts appears as a round or ovoid ___________
radiolucency
a localized collection of pus in the periapical region of a tooth that results from pulpal death
