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Computational Approach
Focuses on Neural Transmission of raw sensation.
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Constructivist Approach
A mix of fragmented sensory info to create reality
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Ecological Approach
Info is provided by the environment because of high levels of adaptation.
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Psychophysics
focuses on the relationship between physical characteristics, and environmental stimuli.
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Subliminal Stimuli
Stimuli that ate to week or brief to be perceived.
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Supraliminal Stimuli
Stimuli that are strong enough to be perceived.
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sensativity
ability to detect stimulus
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response criterion
internal rule a person uses to decide whether or no to report a stimulus
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signal-detection theory
a mathematical model of what determines a person's report of whether or not a stimulus has occurred.
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Weber's law
the smallest detectable difference in stimulus energy is a constant fraction of the intensity of the stimulus.
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just-noticeable difference
smallest detectable change in stimuli
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perceptual organization
the task of determining what edges and other stimulus go together to form an object
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auditory scene analysis
the perceptual process through which sounds are mentally represented and interpreted.
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depth perception
ability to perceive distance
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interposition
depth cue whereby closer objects block one's view of things farther away.
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relative size
a depth cue whereby larger objects are perceived as closer than smaller ones
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height of visual field
a depth cue whereby objects higher in the visual field are perceived as more distant.
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texture gradient
a gradual change on the texture or grain of the visual field, whereby objects with finer, less detailed textures are perceived as more distant.
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linear perspective
a depth cue whereby objects closer to the point at which two lines appear to converge are perceived as being at a greater distance.
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motion parallax
a depth cue whereby a difference in the apparent rate of movement to different objects provides information about the relative distance to those objects.
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accommodation
the ability of a lens of the eye to change its shape and bend light rays so that objects are in focus.
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convergence
a depth cue involving the rotation of the eyes to project the image of an object on each retina.
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binocular disparity
a depth cue based on the difference between two retinal images of the world.
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looming
a motion cue involving a rapid expansion in the size of an image so that it fills the available space on the retina.
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stroboscopic motion
an illusion in which lights or images flashed in rapid succession are perceived as moving
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perceptual constancy
the perception of objects as a constant in size, shape, color, and other properties despite changes in their retinal image.
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top-down processing
Aspects of recognition that are guided by higher-level cognitive processes and psychological factors such as expectations.
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bottom-up processing
Aspects of recognition that depend first on the information about the stimulus that comes to the brain from the sensory receptors.
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schemas
Mental representations of what we know, and have come to expect, about the world.
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parallel distributed processing models
an approach to understanding object recognition in which various elements of the object are thought to be simultaneously analyzed by a number of widely distributed, bu connected, neural units in the brain.
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attention
the process of directing and focusing psychological resources to enhance perception, performance, and mental experience.
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