Medical Terminology OFT 140

• examination within a body cavity with a flexible endoscope
• - for diagnosis or treatment
• - used in: gastrointestinal tract to detect abnormalities & perform procedures
• - procedures include: biopsies, excision of lesions, dilations of narrowed areas, & removal of swallowed objects

examination of the esophagus with an esophagoscope

examination of the stomach with a gastroscope

endoscopic procedure including x-ray fluoroscopy to examine the ducts of the liver, gallbladder, & pancreas (biliary ducts)

• examination of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope
• - often includes interventional surgical procedures

• examination of the peritoneal cavity with a peritoneoscope
• - use: examine the liver & obtain a biopsy specimen

• examination of the small intestine made be a tiny video camera placed in a capsule & swallowed
• - images are transmitted to a waist-belt recorder & downloaded onto a computer for assessment of possible abnormalities
• - traditional endoscopy cannot completely access the small intestine because of its length & complexity

examination of the colon using a flexible colonoscope

examination of the sigmoid colon with a rigid or flexible sigmoidoscope

examination of the rectum anus with a proctoscope

nonioning imaging technique for visualizing the abdominal cavity to identify disease or deformity in the gastrointestinal tract

radionuclide organ imaging

• scan of the liver made after injection of radioactive tracers into the bloodstream
• - use: to determine tumors & functional abnormalities

• - upper GI series
• - barium swallow
• - fluoroscopy
• - small bowel series
• - lower GI series barium enema
• - cholangiogram
• - cholecystogram

• x-ray of: esophagus, stomach, & duodenum
• - done after a patient has swallowed a contrast medium (usually barium)

• x-ray of: esophagus only
• - often used to: locate swallowed objects

• x-ray using a fluorescent screen to visualize structures in motion
• - used during barium swallow

• x-ray exam of the small intestine
• - generally done in conjunction with an upper GI series

x-ray of the colon after administration of an enema containing a contrast medium

• x-ray of the bile ducts
• - often performed during surgery

x-ray of the gallbladder taken after oral ingestion of iodine

cross-sectional x-ray of the abdomen used to identify a condition or anomaly within the gastrointestinal tract

• computed tomographic image of the colon performed as an alternative to traditional invasive colonoscopy
• - also known as: virtual colonoscopy

• - abdominal sonogram
• - endoscopic sonography

ultrasound image of the abdomen to detect disease or deformity in organs & vascular structures

endoscopic procedure using in a sonographic transducer within an endoscope to examine a body cavity & make songraphic images of structures & tissues

• removal of tissue for microscopic pathological examination
• - 4 types: endoscopic, excisional, incisional, needle

removal of a specimen for biopsy during an endoscopic procedure

removal of an entire lesion for examination

removal of a portion of a lesion for examination

percutaneous removal of a core specimen of tissue using a special hollow needle

• isolation of a stool specimen in a culture medium to identify disease causing organisms
• - if present, the drugs they are sensitive to are listed

• chemical test of a stool specimen to detect the presence of blood
• - positive finding indicate bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract