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tooth decay, ________ is the localized destruction of teeth by microorganisms.
caries
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what does carious mean?
rottenness
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a cavity refers to a _________ or _______
cavitation or hole
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T/F to detect caries, both clinical and radiographic examination is necessary
true
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can a dental exam be complete without radiographs?
no
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what does using a radiograph allow the professional to evaluate about the carious lesions?
the extent and severity
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smooth surfaces that may exhibit a chalky white or opacity indicates ____________
demineralization
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what other type of radiograph besides BWX are able to be used for evaluating caries?
PA's using the paralleling technique
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can the use of a pocket-sized magnifying glass be helpful in evaluating the radiographic appearance of caries?
yes
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on a dental radiograph, interproximal caries are typically seen at or just below (apical to):
the contact point
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what shape or configuration does the caries make as it progresses inward through the enamel of the tooth?
a triangular configuration
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when caries reaches the DEJ, which direction does it spread to continue to the dentin?
laterally
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what are the four interproximal carious lesions classified as?
- incipeint
- moderate
- advanced
- severe
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caries that extends less than halfway through the thickness of the enamel:
incipient caries (beginning to exist or appear)
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which class is incipient caries and which structure(s) does it go through?
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caries that extends more than halfway through the thickness of the enamel but does not involve the DEJ
moderate interproximal caries
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moderate interproximal caries are which class and where are they seen?
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caries that extends to or through the DEJ and into the dentin but does not extend through the dentin more than half the distance toward the pulp:
advanced interproximal caries
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which class is advanced interproximal caries and which layer(s) are involved?
- class III
- both enamel and dentin
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caries that extends through the enamel, dentin, and more than half the distance toward the pulp:
sever interproximal caries
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what class are severe interproximal caries and which layer(s) are involved?
- class IV
- both enamel and dentin, may appear clinicallly as a cavitation in the tooth
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why is it difficult to see occlusal caries on a radiograph?
because of the superimposition of the dense buccal and lingual enamel cusps
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when are occlusal caries actually seen on a radiograph?
when there is involvement of the DEJ
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what are the three classifications of occlusal caries?
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which caries cannot be seen on a dental radiograph and must be detected clinically with an explorer?
incipient occlusal caries
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which caries extends into the dentin and appears as a very thin radiolucent line under the enamel of the occlusal surface of the tooth
moderate occlusal caries
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which caries extends into dentin and appears as a large radiolucency extending under the enamel? it also appears as a cavitation in the tooth
severe occlusal caries
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why are buccal and lingual caries hard to detect on a radiograph?
because of the superimposition of the densities of normal tooth structure
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which teeth are the most common to have buccal or lingual caries?
mandibular and maxillary first molars
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root surface caries involves only the ______ of the teeth. the ________ and ________ located just below the cervical region of the tooth are involved
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is there involvement of enamel in root caries?
no
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bone loss and corresponding gingival recession preceed the caries process from:
exposed root surfaces
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when buccal or lingual caries is able to be seen on a radiograph, what does it look like?
a small circular radiolucent area
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what are the two most common locations of exposed roots?
- mandibular premolars
- mandibular molar areas
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what appears as a cupped-out or crater-shaped radiolucency just below the CEJ?
root surface caries
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recurrent caries is also known as
secondary caries
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what caries occurs adjacent to a preexisting restoration?
recurrent caries
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where do recurrent caries most often occur?
beneath interproximal margins of a restoration
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what are the three causes for recurrent caries?
- inadequate cavity preparation
- defective margins
- incomplete removal of caries before placed restoration
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what does rampant mean?
growing or spreading unchecked
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rampant caries is ________ and __________ and affects numerous teeth
advanced and severe
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where is rampant caries most commonly seen?
in children with poor dietary habits or in adults with decreased salivary flow.
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