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What is the purpose of weight and balance?
For safety of flight
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Whose responsibility is it to make sure the weight and balance paperwork after alteration or chance is correct?
The technician
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The _____ __ _____ must be maintained within a specific range?
Center of gravity
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TERMS: Maximum weight
The maximum authorized weight of the aircraft and all of its equipment as specified in the TCDS for the aircraft.
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TERM: Center of Gravity (CG)
The point at which an airplane would balance if suspended. Its distance from the reference datum is found by dividing the total moment by the total weight of the airplane.
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TERM: Empty weight
The weight of the airplane, engine, and all items of operating equipment that have fixed location and permanently installed in the aircraft.
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TERM: Empty-weight center of gravity (EWCG)
The center of gravity of an aircraft, when the aircraft contains only the items specified in the aircraft empty weight.
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TERM: ARM
The horizontal distance from the ref. Datum to the CG of an item.
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TERM: Datum
An imaginary vertical plane from which all horizontal distance are measured for balance purpose.
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TERMS: Fulcrum
The point about which a lever balance.
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TERM: Moment
The product of the arm, in inches, and the weight, in pounds. (Pound Inches)
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TERMS: Tare Weight
The weight of any chocks or devices uses to hold the aircraft on the scales.
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TERM: Station
A location along the aircraft manufacturer that lists the operation condition for a particular model of aircraft and its engines.
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TERM: Pilots operation Handbook (POH)
A document published by the airframe manufacturer that lists the operation conditions for a particular model of aircraft and its engines.
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Whats more important lateral or longitudinal CG balance?
Longitudinal or lengthwise axis
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How does an aircraft gain weight as it gets older?
Repairs and alterations are the major source of weight change.
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Who must ensure the weight and balance data in the aircraft records is current and accurate?
Mechanic
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What were to happen to the aircraft if at low airspeeds the CG is to far aft?
There might not be enough elevator nose-down force to get the nose down for recovery.
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Lateral imbalance causes wing heaviness, which may be corrected by deflecting the aileron. The additional lift causes additional?
Drag and the airplane flies inefficiently (Wast gas)
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Whats part of the basic empty weight of an aircraft?
- Any optional or special equipment.
- Fixed ballast.
- Unusable (residual)
- Full operating fluids including oil,hydraulic and other fluids required for normal operation of aircraft systems.
- But NOT potable water, and water intended for injections in engines.
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For aircraft certified prior to March 1,1978, the term licensed empty weight which is similar to basic empty weight was used and it did not include?
Full engine oil
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When in question as what operating fluids are included in the empty weight, check the aircraft?
TCDS
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In order to obtain all information regarding the weight and balance data for a particular aircraft you should check all of the following sources.
- Aircraft specifications.
- Aircraft TCDS.
- Aircraft operation limitations.
- Aircraft flight manual.
- Aircraft weight and balance report.
- Aircraft Maintenance manual.
- Pilot operational handbook (POH)
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Where would you most likely find this information: EWCG
Aircraft Weight and balance records
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Where would you most likely find this information:Location of datum
TCDS
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Where would you most likely find this information:Aircraft Empty Weight
Aircraft Weight and balance records
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Where would you most likely find this information: Maximum gross weight
TCDS
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Where would you most likely find this information: Unusable fuel
TCDS
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Where would you most likely find this information: Center of Gravity
TCDS
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Where would you most likely find this information: Leveling means
TCDS( sometimes in maintenance manuel)
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Where would you most likely find this information: Detailed procedures for weighing
Maintenance manuel
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Where would you most likely find this information: Empty-weight CG range
Aircraft weight and balance records
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Where would you most likely find this information: Useful load
Aircraft weight and balance records
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Standards weights per pound : Avgas
6 lbs
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Standards weights per pound : Turbine fuel
6.7 lbs
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Standards weights per pound : lubrication oil
7.5 lbs
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Standards weights per pound : Water
8.35 lbs
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Standards weights per pound : Crew and passengers
170 lbs
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Standards weights per pound : Crew and passendgers (utility/aerobatic)
190 lbs
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What is the Datum?
- The datum is an imaginary vertical plane from which all horizontal measurements are taken for balance purposes, with the aircraft in level flight attitude.
- To the right (aft)of the datum is +
- To the left (fwd) of the datum is -
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What is the ARM?
- The arm is the horizontal distance that an item of equipment is located from the datum.
- The arm's distance is always giving or measured in inches.
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What is "the movement"
a movement is the product of a weight multiplied by its arm. Or A x W= movement
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What is useful weight?
The useful load of an aircraft is determined by subtracting the empty weight from the maximum allowable gross weight.
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What do the useful loads consist of?
Maximum oil,fuel,passengers,baggage,pilot,copilot,and crewmembers.
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What is operating center of gravity range?
- The operating CG range is the distance between the Fwd and Aft CG limits indicated in the TCDS.
- These limits are shown either in percent of MAC or inches from the Datum.
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What is MAC?
The MAC is mean average chord of the wing.
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Where do you find the aircraft leveling means for weight an aircraft on the ground?
TCDS and are designated by the manufacturer.
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What is Tare weight?
Tare includes the weight of all extra items such as jacks,blocks,and chocks on the weight scale.
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