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1 - Nullification Doctrine
John C. Calhoun was the most significant proponent of nullification concerning tariffs
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4 - Jackson and the common people
- a. they eliminated the property qualifications for voting
- b. there's an increased opportunity to hold office
- c. he challenged the entrenched office holders
- d. they gained political power through creating a national nominating convention
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1 - What did Andrew Jackson's inauguration signify?
The empowerment of a disenfranchised class of Americans
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2 - Eaton affair
- a. it caused a significant rift between jackson and his cabinet
- b. especially calhoun
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4 - Jackson's response to nullification
- a. he strengthened the federal forts in South Carolina
- b. he ordered a war ship to Charleston, SC
- c. He sent revenue ships to charleston, sc
- d. he had congress pass the force bill
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4 -Cherokee movement (reasons why moving them was unfounded)
- a. they have a formal constitution
- b. they declared themselves a sovereign nation
- c. they had a successful farming economy
- d. they had a sophisticated culture
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4 -bank of the united states (good things it did)
- a. benefitted the united states by issuing bank notes
- b. it held government funds
- c. it restrained state banks
- d. it provided credit to growing enterprises
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1 - roger taney
jackson had him reduce the banks influence by moving the federal funds to state banks
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4 - whigs support
- a. wealthy northeastern industrialists
- b. wealthy southern planters
- c. western pro-commerce merchants
- d. anti-masonic lodge people in new york
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4 -democrats support
- a. northeastern laborers
- b. southern planters who don't like industrialization
- c. western farmers with southern roots
- d. slaveholders from the south
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4 -panic of 1837
- a. caused by a presidential order requiring federal land to be paid for by gold or silver coins "specie - gold and silver coins"
- b. the withdrawal of federal funds from state banks
- c. removal of foreign money from united states banks
- d. succession of crop failures
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1 - trail of tears
the name given to the route the cherokee indians took to the reservation in Oklahoma in 1838
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1. American population in the 1820s and 1830s
characterized by extensive movement to towns and cities
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4 -Development of the 1840s and 1850s
- a. there's rapid growth of Northeastern cities
- b. there's a booming agriculture in the west
- c. major shipping on the great lakes
- d. a rise of close economic ties between the northeast and northwest
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4 -irish and german immigrants
- a. germans tended to settle in the northwest more than the irish did
- b. germands came over in family groups more than the irish did
- c. irish tended to have less money than the germans
- d. the irish settled in eastern cities
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1. nativists
they believed immigrants were politically corrupt and took jobs away from americans
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1. know-nothing party
they are formed largely around the idea of passing laws that discriminated against irish-catholics
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1. transportation in the 1830s
the form of transportation that had the biggest impact is canals
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4. railroads in the 1840s and 1850s
- a. they found financial support from both private and government sources
- b. they started consolidating some of the short lines
- c. truck lines connected many regions together
- d. they diverted traffic away from rivers and canals
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4. north verses south economy
- a. the south felt subjugated by the north due to the major newspapers in the north
- b. most telegraph lines were built in the north instead of the south
- c. numerous railroads routed traffic away from the mississippi river
- d. the transportation revolution had more of an impact in the north
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4. business in the 1820s and 1830s
- a. the growth of business was assisted by the emergence of new incorporation laws
- b. the rise of specialty stores in the cities
- c. the specialization of stores
- d. the improvement of distribution of goods
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1. standard of living
it's improving for most laborers
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4. blacks in the north
- a. despite hardships, most blacks still preferred to live in the north
- b. some blacks were descendents of families who had lived in the north for generations
- c. africal americans had access to menial jobs, and were paid too little to live off of
- d. in some cases, black men could not vote in the north
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2. automatic reaper
- a. invented by cyrus mccormick
- b. revolutionized farming by making grain production much quicker
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1. Geographic mobility
in the 1840s and 1850s geographic mobility was more important than social mobility in easing economic tensions
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4. South and industry (reasons why industries weren't developed)
- a. the people have their money tied up in agriculture
- b. the agriculture system could be very profitable
- c. they felt like their climate was less suitable for industry
- d. distinctly southern values discouraged industry
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1. southern planter class
they dominated the political, economic, and social life of the region
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4. small farmers in the south
- a. they owned few, if any, slaves
- b. they usually have a close relationship with their slaves because they usually work with them
- c. they have limited access to education
- d. they have low prospects for social mobility
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4. non slave-owning whites
- a. they're tied to the slave system because they depend on the plantations/planters for economic favors
- b. they often relied on planters for credit
- c. they're often related to a wealthy slave owner
- d. they generally believe in the southern belief of white racial superiority
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1. race
the greatest unifying force in the south
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4. slave codes
- a. it prohibited slaves from having legal rights
- b. restricted slaves from congregrating together
- c. courts took action only in major crimes
- d. they set harsh punishments for crimes by slaves
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4. slave women
- a. laboring in fields
- b. child rearing
- c. cooking
- d. sometimes acting as a single parent
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1. dangerous tasks
they usually hire immigrants instead of using slaves
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4. household servants
- a. didn't like being a household servant because they're isolated from their fellow slaves
- b. lacked privacy from the watchful eyes of the master's family
- c. they received punishments more than did other slaves
- d. they were vulnerable to sexual abuse
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1. Nat Turner's rebellion
caused a decline in the number of slaves freed in the south
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2. black resistance
- a. the least common form of resistance was revolt
- b. the most common form of resistance was running away
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4. slave music
- a. they sing while they work in the fields
- b. the creation of musical instruments like the banjo
- c. music was important in religious ceremonies
- d. music was a passionate expression of emotion
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1. slave labor (two types)
task and game system
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1. henry david thoreau
he argued it was necessary for individuals to practice civil disobedience when laws are unjust
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1. margaret fuller
she was a leading feminist in transcendentalist
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1. horace mann
the chief leader in the movement for public education
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1. education system
despite the flaws in education, by the civil war, america had the highest literacy rate in the world
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1. asylum movement
they wanted to incorporate the principle of firm, yet humane, treatment to rehabilitate the criminals and the insane
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1. seneca falls
promoted women's rights
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1. frederick douglass
most prominent black abolitionist
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1. northern view of abolitionists
many northerners saw abolitionist as dangerous, fanatical revolutionaries
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1. free soil movement
the chief objective was to keep slavery and blacks out of the federal territories
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1. uncle tom's cabin
it's a novel that helped inflame the passions over sectional tensions over slavery
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1. dorothea dix
began the movement for improvement of how the mentally ill were treated
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1. underground railroad
an organization of abolitionists who helped runaway slaves find refuge in the north foreign canada
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1. early anti-slavery movement
one of the movements was colonization of freed slaves in africa
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