Volume 3 Chapter 6

• 500,000 emergency room visits/year
• 5% of all ER visits
• 300,000 are GI bleeds

• Excessive Alcohol Consumption
• Excessive Smoking
• Increased Stress
• Ingestion of Caustic Substances
• Poor Bowel Habits

Dull, poorly localized pain originating in the walls of hollow organs.

Sharp, localized pain originating in the walls of body such as skeletal muscles.

Pain originating in a region other than where it is felt.

• Liver: Right shoulder
• Gallbladder: Right at diaphragm, Right mid back
• Pancreas, Duodenum: Right, at diaphragm.
• Small Intestine: Umbilicus
• Appendicitis: McBurney's Point, Right pelvis.
• Colon: Pubis

Inflammation of peritoneum which lines abdominal cavity.

Ecchymosis in the periumbilical area

Ecchymosis in flanks

• GI Tract
• Liver
• Gallbladder
• Pancreas
• Appendix

• Mouth
• Esophagus
• Stomach
• Duodenum

Bleeding within GI tract superior to the ligament of Treitz

Ligament that supports the Duodenojejunal junction

• Peptic ulcer disease
• Gastritis
• Esophageal varix rupture
• Mallory-Weiss tear
• Esophagitis
• Duodenitis

Esophageal laceration, usually secondary to vomitting

Bloody vomitus

Dark, tarry, foul-smelling stool indicating presence of partially digested blood

Three-lumen tube used in treating esophageal bleeding

• Esophageal varices
• Acute gastroenteritis
• Chronic gastroenteritis
• Peptic ulcers

Swollen vein of esophagus

Pertaining the the flow of blood in liver

Degenerative disease of liver

Sudden onset of inflammation of the stomach and intestines

Bright red blood in stool

Nonacute inflammation of GI mucosa

Erosion caused by gastric acid

Condition that causes the stomach the excrete excessive amounts of hydrochloric acid and pepsin

• Jejunum
• Ileum
• Large intestine
• Rectum
• Anus

Bleeding inferior to the ligament of Treitz

• Diverticulosis
• Colon lesions
• Rectal lesions
• Inflammatory bowel disorder

• Ulcerative colitis
• Crohn's disease
• Diverticulitis
• Hemorrhoids
• Bowel obstruction

Ulcerative colitis spread throughout the whole color

Ulcerative colitis limited to the rectum

Acute pain associated with cramping or spasms in the abdominal organs

Idipathic inflammatory bowel disorder associated with small intestine

Inflammation of diverticula

Prescence of diverticula with or without associated bleeding

Small outpouchings in the mucosal lining of the intestinal tract

Small mass of swollen veins in the anus or rectum

Blockage of the hollow space within intestines

Protrusion of an organ through its protective lining

Condition that occurs when part of an intestine slips into the part just distal to itself

Twisting of the intestine

Union of normally separate tissue surfaces by a fibrous band of new tissue

Area of dead tissue caused by lack of blood

• Appendicitis
• Cholecystitis
• Pancreatitis
• Hepatitis

Inflammation of the vermiform appendix at the juncture of the large and small intestines

Common site of pain for appendicitis. 1-2 inches above the anterior iliac crest in a direct line with umbilicus

Pain caused when an inflamed gallbladder is palpated by pressing under the right costal margin

• Alcohol Abuse
• Gallstones
• Elevated serum lipids
• Drug induced

• Epigastric pain
• Abdominal distention
• N/V
• Elevated amylase/lipase

• Refractory hypotensive shock
• Blood loss
• Respiratory failure