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1. The point indicating where the fill slope stops and the road or shoulder grade begins is called the _____.
Hinge point (HP)
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2. A(n) _____ is a reading taken on a leveling rod to determine an unknown elevation; used in conjunction with backsight and instrument height.
Foresight
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3. Ground that forms a natural or artificial incline upward or downward is called a _____.
Slope
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4. The area of the roadway between the shoulder and the ditch is called the _____.
Inslope
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5. A _____ is a reading taken on a leveling rod held at a known elevation, which is used to determine the height of the leveling instrument.
Backsight (BS)
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6. A _____ is the distance above or below sea level or other reference point.
Elevation
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7. _____ is the surface of a road, channel, or natural ground area.
Grade
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8. A _____ is a lath set with markings to indicate the final grade at a certain point.
Crows foot
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9. The side view of a proposed construction project is called the _____.
Profile
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10. _____ is any surface that has been cut or built to the elevation indicated for that point.
Finished grade (FG)
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11. _____ is the area between the ditch line and a backslope stake.
Backslope
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12. The proportion or relationship in quantity, amount, or size between two or more things is called the _____.
Ratio (:)
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13. Any type of marker that is used to mark cut, fill, and grade information, underground utilities, or survey points is called a(n) _____.
Stake
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14. The system developed by the U.S. military to provide precise information for the movement of military vehicles, equipment, and personnel is called the _____.
Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) system
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15. The plotting and correcting of irregularities of the ground to a definite limit of grade and alignment is called _____.
Grade work
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16. The _____ is the uppermost level of material placed in embankment or left at cuts in the normal grading of a road bed.
Subgrade
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17. The _____ is the point on stakes or drawings which indicates the halfway point between two sides.
Center line
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18. The description and delineation of natural and man-made features of an area are called _____ features.
Topographical
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19. _____ is the process in which a substance, such as soil, is slowly washed away by rain, wind, or other causes.
Erosion
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20. The original ground elevation before any excavation has been done is called _____.
Natural Ground
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21. A temporary point of known or assumed elevation from which surveyors can establish all their grades for a particular job is called _____.
Temporary bench mark (TBM)
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22. _____ is the line through the leveling instrument as viewed by the eye.
Line of Sight
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23. Manufactured or natural rock or soil that has a specific size characteristic is a(n) _____.
Aggregate
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24. _____ is the vertical distance from the bench mark to the line of sight (also called backsight) of the instrument.
Height of instrument (HI)
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25. _____ are points-of-origin stakes that identify a point on the ground.
Hubs
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26. The longitudinal distance of a point of a roadway from the starting or reference point is called the _____.
Station number
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27. A permanent point of known or assumed elevation from which surveyors can establish their grades is called a _____.
Bench mark (BM)
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28. _____ is a stake from which measurements and grades are established.
Reference stake (RS)
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