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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
A disease characterized by a decreased ability of the lungs to perform ventilation
Upper Airway
Nasal Cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Lower Airway
Trachea
Bronchi
Alveoli
Carina
Point at which the trachea bifurcates into the right and left mainstem bronchi
Surfactant
Compound secreted by the lungs that contributes to the elastic properties of pulmonary tissues
Process of Gas Exchange
Ventilation
Diffusion
Perfusion
Ventilation
Mechanical process of moving air in and out of the lungs
pH
Potential of hydrogen. Measured releative alkalinity or acididity.
Diffusion
Movement of molecules through a membrane from an area of greater concentration to an area of lower concentration
Perfusion
The circulation of blood through the capillaries
Hemoglobin
Transport protein that carries oxygen in the blood
Oxyhemoglobin
Hemoglobin with oxygen bound
Deoxyhemoglobin
Hemoglobin with no oxygen bound
Carbaminohemoglobin
Hemoglobin with CO2 bound
Respiration
Exchange of gases between living organism and environment
Pneumothorax
Collection of air in the pleural space of the chest
Hemothorax
Blood in pleural space
Flail Chest
One or more ribs fractured in two or more places creating an unattached rib segment
Apnea
Abscence of breathing
Hypoxia
State in which insufficient oxygen is available to meet the oxygen requirements of cells
General Impression of Respiratory Status
Position
Color
Mental status
Ability to speak
Respiratory effort
Pallor
Paleness
Diaphoresis
Sweaty
Cyanosis
Bluish discoloration of skin due to decrease in oxygenation
Nasal Flaring
Excessive widening of the nares
Tracheal Tugging
Retraction of neck tissues of the neck due to airway obstruction or dyspnea
Asphyxia
A decrease in the amount of oxygen and an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide as a result of some interference with respiration
Dyspnea
Shortness of breath
Tachycardia
Rapid HR
Orthopnea
Dyspnea while supine
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea
Short episodes of dyspnea that occur at night and interrupt sleep
Hemoptysis
Expectoration of blood from the respiratory tree
Crepitus
Crackling sounds
Subcutaneous Emphysema
Prescence of air in subcutaneous tissue
Tactile Fremitus
Vibratory tremors felt throughout the chest by palpation
Tracheal Deviation
Any position of the trachea other than midline
Tachypnea
Rapid respiration
Bradypnea
Slow respiration
Capnography terms
Capnography
: A graphic recording or display of capnometry over time
Capnograph
: The device the measures expired CO2 levels
Capnogram
: The waveform
End-tidal CO2
: Measurement of CO2 concentration at end of respiration
PETCO2
: Partial pressure of end-tidal CO2 in mixed gas solution
PaCO2
: Partial pressure of CO2 in arterial blood.
Capnography Waveform
Phase I
: Flat, respiratory baseline. No CO2. Late phase of expiration and early inspiration
Phase II
: Respiratory upstroke. Appearance of CO2 in alveoli
Phase III
: Highest amount of CO2. Plateau
Phase IV
: Inspiration. Loss of CO2
Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Form of Pulmonary Edema that is caused by fluid accumulation in interstitial space within lungs.
Positive End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP)
A method of holding the alveoli open by increasing expiratory pressure
Obstructive Lung Diseases
Emphysema
Chronic bronchitis
Asthma
Cor Pulmonale
Hypertrophy of right ventricle resulting from disorders of the lung
Polycythemia
An excess of red blood cells
Pleuritic Pain
Sharp pain associatied with respiration
Carboxyhemoglobin
Hemoglobin with carbon monoxide bound
Author
amerelman
ID
48431
Card Set
Volume 3 Chapter 1
Description
Volume 3 Chapter 1
Updated
2010-11-09T16:37:44Z
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