Volume 3 Chapter 1

A disease characterized by a decreased ability of the lungs to perform ventilation

• Nasal Cavity
• Pharynx
• Larynx

• Trachea
• Bronchi
• Alveoli

Point at which the trachea bifurcates into the right and left mainstem bronchi

Compound secreted by the lungs that contributes to the elastic properties of pulmonary tissues

• Ventilation
• Diffusion
• Perfusion

Mechanical process of moving air in and out of the lungs

Potential of hydrogen. Measured releative alkalinity or acididity.

Movement of molecules through a membrane from an area of greater concentration to an area of lower concentration

The circulation of blood through the capillaries

Transport protein that carries oxygen in the blood

Hemoglobin with oxygen bound

Hemoglobin with no oxygen bound

Hemoglobin with CO2 bound

Exchange of gases between living organism and environment

Collection of air in the pleural space of the chest

Blood in pleural space

One or more ribs fractured in two or more places creating an unattached rib segment

Abscence of breathing

State in which insufficient oxygen is available to meet the oxygen requirements of cells

• Position
• Color
• Mental status
• Ability to speak
• Respiratory effort

Paleness

Sweaty

Bluish discoloration of skin due to decrease in oxygenation

Excessive widening of the nares

Retraction of neck tissues of the neck due to airway obstruction or dyspnea

A decrease in the amount of oxygen and an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide as a result of some interference with respiration

Shortness of breath

Rapid HR

Dyspnea while supine

Short episodes of dyspnea that occur at night and interrupt sleep

Expectoration of blood from the respiratory tree

Crackling sounds

Prescence of air in subcutaneous tissue

Vibratory tremors felt throughout the chest by palpation

Any position of the trachea other than midline

Rapid respiration

Slow respiration

• Capnography: A graphic recording or display of capnometry over time
• Capnograph: The device the measures expired CO2 levels
• Capnogram: The waveform
• End-tidal CO2: Measurement of CO2 concentration at end of respiration
• PETCO2: Partial pressure of end-tidal CO2 in mixed gas solution
• PaCO2: Partial pressure of CO2 in arterial blood.

• Phase I: Flat, respiratory baseline. No CO2. Late phase of expiration and early inspiration
• Phase II: Respiratory upstroke. Appearance of CO2 in alveoli
• Phase III: Highest amount of CO2. Plateau
• Phase IV: Inspiration. Loss of CO2

Form of Pulmonary Edema that is caused by fluid accumulation in interstitial space within lungs.

A method of holding the alveoli open by increasing expiratory pressure

• Emphysema
• Chronic bronchitis
• Asthma

Hypertrophy of right ventricle resulting from disorders of the lung

An excess of red blood cells

Sharp pain associatied with respiration

Hemoglobin with carbon monoxide bound