Introduction to Biotech

• It is sterile invitro culture to grow plant parts such as:
• organs, embryos, seeds and single cells on solidified or liquid media.

differentiated and undifferentiated

• Remove a piece of tissue from plant (explant)
• Dedifferentiation
• Redifferentiation
• The plant is transferred to soil to complete growth

Placing the explant on a specific nutrient medium to force the cells of the explant to become undifferentiated and form callus tissue

Callus tissue is transferred to another nutrient medium where it is allowed to differentiate into plant tissue

The ability of a plant cell to give rise to a whole pant through dedifferentiation and redifferentiation.

• Cell Culture (two types) -Culture of differentiated tissue from explant -Culture of cells or cell aggregates in liquid medium.
• Protoplast culture- (plant cell with cell wall removed)
• Embryo Culture
• Seed Culture
• Organ Culture

It is invitro colonal propagation to multiply desirable plants.

• Initiation of sterile explant culture
• Shoot initiation
• Root initiation
• Transfer of plants to sterile soil or other substrate under controlled conditions.

A technique to produce embryo like structure (Embryoids) from plant tissue or callus

Pharmaceuticals, herbal medicines, cosmetics

• Protoplast fusion to create new combination
• To create genetic variability by somaclonal variation
• Germplasm storage (preserving plant species)

transformed

• Infect cell with bacteria
• Selected transformed cells
• Grow transformed cells to form cell callus
• Initiate root and shoot formations
• Pick individuals to test for gene expression

• Herbicide Resistance
• Insect Resistance
• Virus Resistance
• Altered Oil Content
• Delayed Fruit Ripening
• Pollen Control- Inducing male sterility

• Stress resistance gene
• Nutritionally Enhanced Plants

• Allergic reaction
• Food Selection Problem
• Developing antibiotic resistance
• Deleted genes in plants cause side effect in humans
• Side effect on plant from unwanted DNA from cloning vectors
• Plant cross contamination leading to damage ecosystem

A technique to use plants to produce pharmaceuticals, vaccines, and other valuable compounds

• It is cost effective
• -just involves planting seeds
• -proteins are produced in high quantity
• -foreign proteins stored in seeds are very stable
• -not likely to be contaminated

• Reduce costs
• No Refrigeration
• Easy to handle and administer

Environmentally friendly plastic. Plant seeds may be a potential source for plastics that could be produced and easily extracted.