-
Broca
- 1861
- Post mortem of brain damage victims
- Resulted in location of Broca's area
- Case studies - can't be generalised
-
Kiecolt-Glaser
- Stress
- 1984
- 2500 men in the navy, self report, asked about stressful life experiences, measured general health for the next six months
- Large participan size, but limited - all men, all similar age, all in the navy
- Self report
-
Selye
- Rats guy! Stress
- 1930
- Injected rats with various chemicals daily, and some none at all
- The repeated stress of injection lead to death, regardless of the substance injected
- Animals - can't be generalised
- Ethics?
-
Bouchard et al
- Minnesota twin study
- 1990
- Longitudonal study
- Compared intelligence with twins and stuff
- Found greatest intelligence correlation between indentical twins reared together - concluded that intelligence was nature AND nurture. 70% inherited
- Longitdonal study - no cause-and-effect
-
Maguire et al
- London taxi drivers
- 2000
- MRI'ed hoppocampuses of London taxi drivers, compared them to those who didnt drive taxis
- Found not a loss, but rather a restructing of brain matter
-
Bartlett
- War of the Ghosts
- 1932
- North American Indian study
- Found that people attach meaning to information, by fitting it into schemata etc.
- Only qualitiative data
- Well supported by more recent research
- Procedure instructions were a bit vague to participants
-
HM
- Suffered from epilepsy as a child
- Extensive brain surgery - hippocampus and surrouding areas removed
- Anterograde amnesia - couldnt form new memories
- Distinction between LTM and STM
- Biological factors affecting memory
-
Clive Wearing
- Rare disease that attacked certain parts of his brain
- Anterograde AND retrograde amnesia
- Can still speak, play music etc
- Can't remember his children
- Evidence for LTM/STM distinction
- Evidence for different types of memory (semantic, procedural, episodic etc)
-
Anderson and Pichert
- 1978
- Schema study
- Told a group of participants a story about a house.
- Told to consider it from various points of view (buyer or theif)
- Recall tested
- Some asked to reconsider story from another point of view
- Recall tested, those who switched remembered more
- Ecological validity etc etc
-
Loftus and Palmer
- 1974
- Car speed/leading questions
-
Yuille and Cutshall
- 1986 - contradictory to Loftus and Palmer
- Involved witnesses of a daylight robbery
- Real situation - nice ecologicial validity
- Only participants who agreed
- After a long period of time
-
Cole and Scribner
- 1974
- Kpelle people - Liberia
- Two types of children - schooled and unschooled
- Schooled chunk items more, and hence remember more, like US students
- Unschooled children remember stories etc better.
- Different races have different memory strategies
-
Bandura
- Bobo doll experiment
- Social Learning theory
- 1961
- 3 groups - aggressive model, non-agressive model, no model
- Half observed same sex models
- Mildly irritated
- Children in the aggressive model showed more aggression
- Artificial, ethical issues, good IV/DV control
-
Asch
- 1951 conformity
- 32% rate of conformity
- Artificiality
- COnformity was the 'in-thing' in the 1950s
- Possibility of demand characteristics
-
-
Hoefstede
- 1973
- IBM participants
- self-report
- Cultural dimensions
- eg individualism/collectivism, masculinity/femininity, power distance, longterm/short term orientation, etc
-
Kimball and Zabruck
- 1986 - Random island off Canada, the one emailed to Darcy
- Television introduced recently to a remote village
- Two years later, it was found that the aggressiveness of the children had significantly increased
- Naturalistic study
-
Mead
- 1935
- Study of three tribes in PNG
- One tribe entirely masculine, one very feminine, one with an apparent swap of gender roles
- Naturalistic study
-
Moscovici
- 1969
- Blue green study - ambiguous case
- Groups of 6, 2 confeds
- 8.42% group conformity
- Long term effects as well
-
Tajfel
- 1971
- Kandisky vs Klee
- Boys assigned randomly to group
- Willing to give higher rewards to own group
- Out-group rated less likeable
-
Sherif
- 1954
- Robbers' Cave experiment
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