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What ages are considered early childhood?
2-5
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What are children learning about socialization and roles?
- child now feels pressure to conform to socially acceptable behavior and to follow rules
- children learn to separate from parents
- time when social roles and fam. interaction are learned for first time
- children learn what to expect of others and vice versa
- learn what about parents rules
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What developmental stages are they in?
- Erikson: initiative versus guilt
- Piaget: preoperational
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Describe intuitive though in children this age
- children make judgements and reach conclusions based on limited understanding of operations and rules
- -appearance and reality
- -egocentrism
- -centering
- -irreversibility
- -conservation
- -classification
- -animism
- -precausal thinking
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what is gender identity and how is it shaped?
- individual's personal experience of what it means to be a boy or a girl, woman or man.
- society
- physical, social, psychological factors contribute
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what is gender schema and how is it shaped?
- an organized body of knowledge of what it means to be a boy or girl
- stereotypes
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what do parents typically respond to when discipline problems arise?
distress rather than comfort
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Under what conditions does defiance occur most often?
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Describe language development
- 10,000 words by 6 years
- learning average of 5.5 words/day
- promote verbal skills by:
- talk a lot
- refer to many topics
- use variety of words
- give children positive feedback about behaviors
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what effect does teasing, sarcasm, and name calling have on children?
- harmful
- damages healthy self-esteem
- causes confusion about how people communicate
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How is social development defined?
process by which children are taught to conform to social rules, to acquire personal values and develop attitudes and behaviors typical or representative of their cultural environment
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What are some things to know about sexuality for preschool aged children?
- capable of sexual arousal
- masturbation
- sex play- ages 4-6
- parents primary source of sexual socialization
- can understand mother's role in reproduction
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How do most first-borns feel about being a sibling and what might occur as a result?
- difficult time adjusting to new baby
- jealousy
- sibling rivalry
- hierarchy based on who has most social power
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How do parents promote good sleep habits?
- allow child time to relax and wind down
- parents should develop regular bedtime rituals and routines
- develop policy of "once in bed, stay in bed"
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What is elimination and what are possible causes, treatments, etc?
- regression in toilet training or bed wetting
- delayed elimination training
- desire to gain parental attention after new baby
- symptoms of stress to family events or change in routines
- treatment:
- doctor examination
- medication
- behavior modification- charts, positive reinforcements
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Compare night mares to night terrors
- night mares wake you up
- night terrors are when you are asleep
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what are two types of tantrum?
Contrast?
- manipulative tantrum- aim to control others
- temperamental tantrum- out of control, calm child and discuss problem
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How can parents handle sibling rivalry?
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How can parents handle highly active children?
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How can parents decrease aggression?
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What sort of eating problems do we see at this age?
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